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Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
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LONDON, September 5, O. S.
1749.
DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.
I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.
Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, September 5, O. S.
Line 2
1749.
Line 3
DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.
Line 4
I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.
/aɪ æm ˈveri ɡlæd ðæt juː əˈtend tuː ənd ˌɪnˈfɔːrm jərˈself ʌv ðə pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈɑːbdʒekts ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri juː ɡoʊ θruː/
Line 5
Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.
/treɪd ənd ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərz ɑːr ˈveri kənˈsɪdərəbəl nɑːt tuː seɪ ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt wʌnz fɔːr ðoʊ ˈɑːrmiz ənd ˈneɪviz ɑːr ðə ˈʃaɪnɪŋ mɑːrks ʌv ðə streŋkθ ʌv ˈkʌntriz ðeɪ wʊd biː ˈveri ɪl peɪd ənd ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli faɪt ˈveri ɪl ɪf ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərz ənd ˈkɑːmərs dɪd nɑːt səˈpɔːrt ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armies noun US /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

commerce noun US /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

consequently adverb US /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

countries noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

inform verb US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading “I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.”

manufactures noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərz/

plural of “manufacture” — the organized action of making of goods and services for sale

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

navies noun US /ˈneɪviz/

plural of “navy” — an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading “Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “LONDON, September 5, O. S.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1749.

17th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, September 5, O. S.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

Carniola

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

commercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

Comtenoun

French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

inclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

Lascaris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

Laubach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, September 5, O. S.

manufacturesnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərz/

plural of “manufacture” — the organized action of making of goods and services for sale

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

naviesnounUS /ˈneɪviz/

plural of “navy” — an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, September 5, O. S.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, September 5, O. S.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading LONDON, September 5, O. S.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Trade and manufactures are very considerable, not to say the most important ones; for, though armies and navies are the shining marks of the strength of countries, they would be very ill paid, and consequently fight very ill, if manufactures and commerce did not support them.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading DEAR BOY: I have received yours from Laubach, of the 17th of August, N. S., with the inclosed for Comte Lascaris; which I have given him, and with which he is extremely pleased, as I am with your account of Carniola.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading I am very glad that you attend to, and inform yourself of, the political objects of the country you go through.

Chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 19 holds 36 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 1627 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3353 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3353, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.