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Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, September 27, O. S.
1749.
DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.
Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.
The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, September 27, O. S.
Line 2
1749.
Line 3
DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.
/dɪr bɔɪ ə ˈvʌlɡər ˈɔːrdəneri weɪ ʌv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈæktɪŋ ɔːr ˈspiːkɪŋ ˌɪmˈplaɪz ə loʊ ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ənd ə ˈhæbət ʌv loʊ ˈkʌmpəniː/
Line 4
Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.
/jʌŋ ˈpiːpəl ˈkɑːntrækt ɪt æt skuːl ɔːr əˈmʌŋ ˈsɜːrvənts wɪð huːm ðeɪ ɑːr tuː ˈɔːfən juːzd tuː ˈkɑːnvərs bʌt ˈæftər ðeɪ ˈfriːkwənt ɡʊd ˈkʌmpəniː ðeɪ mʌst wɑːnt əˈtenʃən ənd ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən ˈveri mʌtʃ ɪf ðeɪ duː nɑːt leɪ ɪt kwaɪt əˈsaɪd ənd ˌɪnˈdiːd ɪf ðeɪ duː nɑːt ɡʊd ˈkʌmpəniː wɪl biː ˈveri æpt tuː leɪ ðem əˈsaɪd/
Line 5
The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contract verb US /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading “Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.”

converse verb US /ˈkɑːnvərs/

carry on a conversation

From this reading “Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.”

frequent verb US /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.”

implies verb US /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading “DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.”

pretend verb US /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading “The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.”

samples noun US /ˈsæmpəlz/

plural of “sample” — a small part of something intended as representative of the whole

From this reading “The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “LONDON, September 27, O. S.”

vulgar adjective US /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading “DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1749.

27

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, September 27, O. S.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

contractverbUS /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

converseverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərs/

carry on a conversation

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

guessverbUS /ɡes/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

impliesverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, September 27, O. S.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, September 27, O. S.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, September 27, O. S.

samplesnounUS /ˈsæmpəlz/

plural of “sample” — a small part of something intended as representative of the whole

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading LONDON, September 27, O. S.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

vulgarisms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading DEAR BOY: A vulgar, ordinary way of thinking, acting, or speaking, implies a low education, and a habit of low company.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The various kinds of vulgarisms are infinite; I cannot pretend to point them out to you; but I will give some samples, by which you may guess at the rest.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Young people contract it at school, or among servants, with whom they are too often used to converse; but after they frequent good company, they must want attention and observation very much, if they do not lay it quite aside; and, indeed, if they do not, good company will be very apt to lay them aside.

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 22 holds 58 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of?

Yes. All 1627 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3353 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3353, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.