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Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, November 24, O. S.
1749.
DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.
He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.
Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, November 24, O. S.
Line 2
1749.
Line 3
DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.
/dɪr bɔɪ ˈevəri ˈræʃ.ən.əl ˈbiːɪŋ aɪ teɪk ɪt fɔːr ˈɡræntəd prəˈpoʊzɪz tuː hɪmˈself sʌm ˈɑːbdʒekt mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ðæn mɪr ˌrespərˈeɪʃən ənd əbsˈkjʊr ˈænəməl eɡˈzɪstəns/
Line 4
He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.
Line 5
Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.
/ˈsiːzər wen emˈbɑːrkɪŋ ɪn ə stɔːrm sed ðæt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ˈnesəseri hiː ʃʊd laɪv bʌt ðæt ɪt wɑːz ˌæbsəˈluːtli ˈnesəseri hiː ʃʊd ɡet tuː ðə pleɪs tuː wɪtʃ hiː wɑːz ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caesar noun US /ˈsiːzər/

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading “Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.”

distinguish verb US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading “He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.”

embarking verb US /emˈbɑːrkɪŋ/

-ing form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading “Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.”

November noun US /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading “LONDON, November 24, O. S.”

obscure verb US /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading “DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.”

proposes verb US /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.”

rational adjective US /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading “DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.”

respiration noun US /ˌrespərˈeɪʃən/

the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules

From this reading “DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1749.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, November 24, O. S.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

alicui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

artis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

aut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

bonae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

BoynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

CaesarnounUS /ˈsiːzər/

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

embarkingverbUS /emˈbɑːrkɪŋ/

-ing form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

facinoris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

faman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

fellow-creatures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

intentus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, November 24, O. S.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

negotio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading LONDON, November 24, O. S.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, November 24, O. S.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

proposesverbUS /prəˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

prreclari

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

quaerit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He desires to distinguish himself among his fellow-creatures; and, 'alicui negotio intentus, prreclari facinoris, aut artis bonae, faman quaerit'.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

respirationnounUS /ˌrespərˈeɪʃən/

the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, November 24, O. S.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DEAR Boy: Every rational being (I take it for granted) proposes to himself some object more important than mere respiration and obscure animal existence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Caesar, when embarking in a storm, said, that it was not necessary he should live; but that it was absolutely necessary he should get to the place to which he was going.

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 30 holds 50 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1749 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.