Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.
Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.
Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.
Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.
Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.
Line 2
Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.
/ˈfriːkwənt ðə ˈhaʊsəz wer juː hæv bɪn wʌns ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd ənd hæv nʌn ʌv ðæt ˈʃaɪnəs wɪtʃ meɪks moʊst ʌv jɔːr ˈkʌntrimɪn ˈstreɪndʒərz wer ðeɪ maɪt biː ˈɪntəmət ənd dəˈmestɪk ɪf ðeɪ pliːzd/
Line 3
Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.
/weˈrevər juː hæv ə ˈdʒenərəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tuː sʌp wen juː pliːz ˈprɑːfət ʌv ɪt wɪð ˈdiːsənsi ənd ɡoʊ ˈevəri naʊ ənd ðen/
Line 4
Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.
Line 5
Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bureau noun US /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading “Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.”

countrymen noun US /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading “Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.”

debut verb US /deɪˈbjuː/

present for the first time to the public

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.”

decency noun US /ˈdiːsənsi/

the quality of conforming to standards of propriety and morality

From this reading “Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.”

frequented verb US /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.”

manuscripts noun US /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading “Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.”

shyness noun US /ˈʃaɪnəs/

a feeling of fear of embarrassment

From this reading “Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.”

sup noun US /sʌp/

a small amount of liquid food

From this reading “Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

Albemarle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

bureaunounUS /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

creditnounUS /ˈkredət/

approval

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

debutverbUS /deɪˈbjuː/

present for the first time to the public

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

decencynounUS /ˈdiːsənsi/

the quality of conforming to standards of propriety and morality

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

FrequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

frequentedverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

happenverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

illiberaladjective

narrow-minded about cherished opinions

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

manuscriptsnounUS /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

school-boy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

Shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

shynessnounUS /ˈʃaɪnəs/

a feeling of fear of embarrassment

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

strangersnounUS /ˈstreɪndʒərz/

plural of “stranger” — anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

supnounUS /sʌp/

a small amount of liquid food

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Lord Albemarle will, I am sure, be extremely kind to you, but his house is only a dinner house; and, as I am informed, frequented by no French people.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

WhereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Frequent the houses where you have been once invited, and have none of that shyness which makes most of your countrymen strangers, where they might be intimate and domestic if they pleased.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Wherever you have a general invitation to sup when you please, profit of it, with decency, and go every now and then.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Should he happen to employ you in his bureau, which I much doubt, you must write a better hand than your common one, or you will get no credit by your manuscripts; for your hand is at present an illiberal one; it is neither a hand of business nor of a gentleman, but the hand of a school-boy writing his exercise, which he hopes will never be read.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 5th, N. S., I find that your 'debut' at Paris has been a good one; you are entered into good company, and I dare say you will, not sink into bad.

Chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 34 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 1 holds 34 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 34 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of?

Yes. All 1269 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3355 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3355, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of take to read?

About 105 minutes of reading across 254 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Debut'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.