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Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.
1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.
Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.
A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.
He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.
Line 2
1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.
Line 3
Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.
Line 4
A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.
/ə mæn ʌv pɑːrts siːz ənd hiːrz ˈveri ˈdɪfrəntli frʌm ðiːz ˈdʒentəlmɪn ənd ə ɡreɪt diːl mɔːr/
Line 5
He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.
/hiː ɪɡˈzæmənz ənd ˌɪnˈfɔːrmz hɪmˈself ˈθɜːroʊli ʌv ˈevriθɪŋ hiː siːz ɔːr hiːrz ənd mɔːr ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli æz ɪt ɪz ˈrelətɪv tuː hɪz oʊn prəˈfeʃən ɔːr ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

examines verb US /ɪɡˈzæmənz/

third-person singular of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading “He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.”

frivolous adjective US /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading “Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.”

greenwich noun US /ˈɡrenɪtʃ/

a borough of Greater London on the Thames; zero degrees of longitude runs through Greenwich; time is measured relative to Greenwich Mean Time

From this reading “GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.”

informs verb US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “inform” — impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading “He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.”

Peter's noun US /ˈpiːtərz/

possessive form of “peter” — disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading “Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.”

precursors noun US /priˈkɜːrsərz/

plural of “precursor” — a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)

From this reading “Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.”

reminding verb US /riˈmaɪndɪŋ/

-ing form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading “1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.”

Versailles noun US /verˈsaɪ/

a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century

From this reading “Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1751

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

ComedynounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

DamenounUS /deɪm/

informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

destinationnounUS /ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/

the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

differentlyadverbUS /ˈdɪfrəntli/

in another and different manner

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

examinesverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənz/

third-person singular of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

FrivolousadjectiveUS /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

futileadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtəl/

producing no result or effect

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

GREENWICHnounUS /ˈɡrenɪtʃ/

a borough of Greater London on the Thames; zero degrees of longitude runs through Greenwich; time is measured relative to Greenwich Mean Time

From this reading GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

informsverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “inform” — impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

MassnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

Notre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

Peter'snounUS /ˈpiːtərz/

possessive form of “peter” — disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

precursorsnounUS /priˈkɜːrsərz/

plural of “precursor” — a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

remindingverbUS /riˈmaɪndɪŋ/

-ing form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading GREENWICH, June 20, O. S.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading A man of parts sees and hears very differently from these gentlemen, and a great deal more.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading He examines and informs himself thoroughly of everything he sees or hears; and, more particularly, as it is relative to his own profession or destination.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

travelersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveler” — a person who changes location

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

unnecessaryadjectiveUS /ənˈnesəseri/

not necessary

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

VersaillesnounUS /verˈsaɪ/

a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Frivolous, futile people, who make at least three parts in four of mankind, only desire to see and hear what their frivolous and futile precursors have seen and heard: as St. Peter's, the Pope, and High Mass, at Rome; Notre Dame, Versailles, the French King, and the French Comedy, in France.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading 1751 MY DEAR FRIEND: So very few people, especially young travelers, see what they see, or hear what they hear, that though I really believe it may be unnecessary with you, yet there can be no harm in reminding you, from time to time, to see what you see, and to hear what you hear; that is, to see and hear as you should do.

Chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 23 holds 35 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Debut'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1751 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.