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Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.
But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.
Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.
The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.
Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.
Line 2
But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.
Line 3
Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.
/ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti ɪz hɪz ˈoʊnli ˈræʃ.ən.əl ənd ʃʊr faʊnˈdeɪʃən/
Line 4
The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.
Line 5
Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquire verb US /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.”

desiring verb US /dɪˈzaɪərɪŋ/

-ing form of “desire” — feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading “Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.”

endeavor noun US /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.”

foundation noun US /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading “Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.”

legions noun US /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading “Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.”

Popularity noun US /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading “Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.”

rational adjective US /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading “Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.”

tyrant noun US /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading “Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1752

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

acquireverbUS /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

com

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

desiringverbUS /dɪˈzaɪərɪŋ/

-ing form of “desire” — feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

endeavornounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

foolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

hurtverbUS /hɜːrt/

be the source of pain

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

legionsnounUS /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

mand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

modo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

Oderint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

PopularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

Shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Popularity is his only rational and sure foundation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The good-will, the affections, the love of the public, can alone raise him to any considerable height.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

timeant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

tyrantnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But a private man who can hurt but few, though he can please many, must endeavor to be loved, for he cannot be feared in general.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Christmas Day, 1752 MY DEAR FRIEND: A tyrant with legions at his com mand may say, Oderint modo timeant; though he is a fool if he says it, and a greater fool if he thinks it.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Should you ask me how he is to acquire them, I will answer, By desiring them.

Chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 30 holds 36 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3356, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 102 minutes of reading across 247 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laziness
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1752 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.