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Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.
Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.
It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.
I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.
Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.
Line 2
Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.
/sɪns juː ɑːr nɑːt ˈoʊnli dəˈmestəkeɪtəd bʌt nɪtʃ æt ˈmjuːnɪk juː ɑːr mʌtʃ ɪn ðə raɪt tuː steɪ ðer/
Line 3
It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt baɪ ˈsiːɪŋ ˈpleɪsəz ðæt wʌn noʊz ðem bʌt baɪ fəˈmɪljər ənd ˈdeɪli ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪð ðə ˈpiːpəl ʌv ˈfæʃən/
Line 4
I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.
Line 5
Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

backside noun US /ˈbæksaɪd/

the side of an object that is opposite its front

From this reading “Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.”

contrition noun US /kənˈtrɪʃən/

sorrow for sin arising from fear of damnation

From this reading “Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.”

conversations noun US /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading “It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.”

domesticated adjective US /dəˈmestəkeɪtəd/

converted or adapted to domestic use

From this reading “Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.”

Munich noun US /ˈmjuːnɪk/

the capital and largest city of Bavaria in southwestern Germany

From this reading “LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.”

niche noun US /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading “Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.”

overturn verb US /ˈoʊvərtɜːrn/

turn from an upright or normal position

From this reading “Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.”

prodigy noun US /ˈprɑːdədʒi/

an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading “I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

12th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

1754

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

backsidenounUS /ˈbæksaɪd/

the side of an object that is opposite its front

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

BerlinnounUS /bərˈlɪn/

capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

concernnounUS /kənˈsɜːrn/

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

contritionnounUS /kənˈtrɪʃən/

sorrow for sin arising from fear of damnation

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

dans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

domesticatedadjectiveUS /dəˈmestəkeɪtəd/

converted or adapted to domestic use

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

epigrammes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

gallantrynounUS /ˈɡæləntri/

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

gentillesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

lastlyadverbUS /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

MunichnounUS /ˈmjuːnɪk/

the capital and largest city of Bavaria in southwestern Germany

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

NayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

nichenounUS /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

overturnverbUS /ˈoʊvərtɜːrn/

turn from an upright or normal position

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

prodigynounUS /ˈprɑːdədʒi/

an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Since you are not only domesticated, but 'niche' at Munich, you are much in the right to stay there.

suggestverbUS /səˈdʒest/

make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

Traineaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Nay, I am not sure but that, according to all the rules of gallantry, you are obliged to overturn her on purpose; in the first place, for the chance of seeing her backside; in the next, for the sake of the contrition and concern which it would give you an opportunity of showing; and, lastly, upon account of all the 'gentillesses et epigrammes', which it would naturally suggest.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is not by seeing places that one knows them, but by familiar and daily conversations with the people of fashion.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I would not care to be in the place of that prodigy of beauty, whom you are to drive 'dans la course de Traineaux'; and I am apt to think you are much more likely to break her bones, than she is, though ever so cruel, to break your heart.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading LONDON, February 1, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I received, yesterday, yours of the 12th, from Munich; in consequence of which, I direct this to you there, though I directed my three last to Berlin, where I suppose you will find them at your arrival.

Chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 25 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 10 holds 25 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 25 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 638 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3357 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3357, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 53 minutes of reading across 128 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortnight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.