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Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.
You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.
Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.
The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.
Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.
Line 2
You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.
/juː ɑːr ʃʊr ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ æz ˈɜːrli æz jɔːr eɪdʒ wɪl pərˈmɪt ə ˈmembər ʌv ðæt haʊs wɪtʃ ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli roʊd tuː ˈfɪɡjər ənd ˈfɔːrtʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.
/ðoʊz ˌɪnˈdiːd huː ɑːr bred ʌp tuː ənd dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ ðemˈselvz ɪn pərˈtɪkjələr prəˈfeʃənz æz ðə ˈɑːrmi ðə ˈneɪvi ənd ðə lɔː meɪ baɪ ðer oʊn ˈmerət reɪz ðemˈselvz tuː ə ˈsɜːrtən dɪˈɡriː bʌt juː meɪ əbˈzɜːrv tuː ðæt ðeɪ ˈnevər ɡet tuː ðə tɑːp wɪˈθaʊt ðə əˈsɪstəns ʌv ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri ˈtælənts ənd ˈɪnfluːəns/
Line 4
The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.
/ðə miːnz ʌv dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ jərˈself ɪn ˈpɑːrləmənt ɑːr æz aɪ toʊld juː ɪn maɪ læst mʌtʃ mɔːr ˈiːzəli əˈteɪnd ðæn aɪ bɪˈliːv juː ˌɪˈmædʒən/
Line 5
Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.
/kloʊs əˈtendəns tuː ðə ˈbɪznəs ʌv ðə haʊs wɪl suːn ɡɪv juː ðə ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri ruːˈtiːn ənd strɪkt əˈtenʃən tuː jɔːr staɪl wɪl suːn meɪk juː nɑːt ˈoʊnli ə ˈspiːkər bʌt ə ɡʊd wʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attendance noun US /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading “Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.”

distinguishing verb US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading “The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.”

motto noun US /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading “LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.”

navy noun US /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading “Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.”

parliamentary adjective US /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading “Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.”

professions noun US /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading “Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.”

routine noun US /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading “Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.”

talents noun US /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading “Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

1754

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

abest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

assistancenounUS /əˈsɪstəns/

the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

CloseadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

distinguishingverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

mottonounUS /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

Nullum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

numennoun

a spirit believed to inhabit an object or preside over a place (especially in ancient Roman religion)

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

parliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

parliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

professionsnounUS /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

Prudentia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

routinenounUS /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

sinounUS /siː/

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

speakernounUS /ˈspiːkər/

someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Close attendance to the business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but a good one.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You are sure of being, as early as your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to figure and fortune in this country.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy, and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, February 15, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you, 'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading The means of distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much more easily attained than I believe you imagine.

Chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 12 holds 40 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3357, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 53 minutes of reading across 128 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortnight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.