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Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.
As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.
I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.
You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?
How will you help yourself?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.
Line 2
As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.
/æz ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsiːzən ʌv ɡreɪt dɪˈvoʊʃən ənd səˈlemnəti ɪn ɔːl ˈkæθlɪk ˈkʌntriz preɪ ˌɪnˈfɔːrm jərˈself ʌv ənd ˈkɑːnstəntli əˈtend tuː ɔːl ðer ˈsɪli ənd ˈpɑːmpəs tʃɜːrtʃ ˈserəmoʊniz wʌn ɔːt tuː noʊ ðem/
Line 3
I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.
/aɪ æm ˈveri ɡlæd ðæt juː roʊt ðə ˈletər tuː lɔːrd wɪtʃ ɪn ˈevəri ˈdɪfərənt keɪs ðæt kæn ˈpɑːsəbli biː səˈpoʊzd wɑːz aɪ æm ʃʊr boʊθ ə ˈdiːsənt ənd ə ˈpruːdənt step/
Line 4
You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?
Line 5
How will you help yourself?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

argument's noun US /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

possessive form of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading “You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?”

Catholic adjective US /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading “As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.”

ceremonies noun US /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading “As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.”

convince verb US /kənˈvɪns/

make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

From this reading “You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?”

countries noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.”

pompous adjective US /ˈpɑːmpəs/

puffed up with vanity

From this reading “As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.”

prudent adjective US /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading “I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.”

solemnity noun US /səˈlemnəti/

a trait of dignified seriousness

From this reading “As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

1754

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

argument'snounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

possessive form of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

convinceverbUS /kənˈvɪns/

make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

GRACEFULadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

graciousadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪʃəs/

characterized by charm, good taste, and generosity of spirit

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading How will you help yourself?

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How will you help yourself?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

Manheim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

pompousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːmpəs/

puffed up with vanity

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

prayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

solemnitynounUS /səˈlemnəti/

a trait of dignified seriousness

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading You will find it very difficult, whenever we meet, to convince me that you could have any good reasons for not doing it; for I will, for argument's sake, suppose, what I cannot in reality believe, that he has both said and done the worst he could, of and by you; What then?

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading I am very glad that you wrote the letter to Lord------, which, in every different case that can possibly be supposed, was, I am sure, both a decent and a prudent step.

YesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, March 26, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter of the 15th from Manheim, where I find you have been received in the usual gracious manner; which I hope you return in a GRACEFUL one.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading As this is a season of great devotion and solemnity in all Catholic countries, pray inform yourself of, and constantly attend to, all their silly and pompous church ceremonies; one ought to know them.

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 16 holds 44 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 638 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3357 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3357, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 53 minutes of reading across 128 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortnight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1753-54 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.