1754
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
27
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/
an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/
a record or narrative description of past events
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
actverbUS /ækt/
perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
amauxiliary verbUS /æm/
the form of “be” used with “I”
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
andeterminerUS /æn/
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
atprepositionUS /æt/
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
BATHnounUS /bæθ/
a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
beauxiliary verbUS /biː/
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
billsnounUS /bɪlz/
plural of “bill” — a statute in draft before it becomes law
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
breathnounUS /breθ/
the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
butconjunctionUS /bʌt/
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
byprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
careernounUS /kərˈɪr/
the particular occupation for which you are trained
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
committeenounUS /kəˈmɪti/
a special group delegated to consider some matter
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/
feeling or showing worry or solicitude
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
congratulateverbUS /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/
say something to someone that expresses praise
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
contributeverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/
bestow a quality on
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/
dearly loved
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/
plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
downadjectiveUS /daʊn/
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/
causing fear or dread or terror
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
electionsnounUS /ɪˈlekʃənz/
plural of “election” — a vote to select the winner of a position or political office
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/
the experiencing of affective and emotional states
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/
(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
FRIENDnounUS /frend/
a person you know well and regard with affection and trust
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/
showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/
having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
hardeningnounUS /ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ/
abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
hearverbUS /hiːr/
perceive (sound) via the auditory sense
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
heartilyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrtəli/
with gusto and without reservation
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
IpronounUS /aɪ/
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
impudencenoun
an impudent statement
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/
in truth (often tends to intensify)
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
insensiblyadverb
in a numb manner; without feeling
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
itpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
lossnounUS /lɔːs/
something that is lost
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
maidenheadnoun
a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
the time period between dawn and noon
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
mostadverbUS /moʊst/
used to form the superlative
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/
to a great degree or extent
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/
used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/
belonging to the person speaking
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/
used when the speaker is also the object of the action
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
nightnounUS /naɪt/
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/
and not; used after a negative to add a second negative
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
notadverbUS /nɑːt/
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/
not one thing; not anything
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/
the month following October and preceding December
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
nowadverbUS /naʊ/
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/
an event that occurs at a critical time
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
others
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
ownverbUS /oʊn/
have ownership or possession of
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/
involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/
confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/
on the contrary
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/
conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
recoveredadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərd/
freed from illness or injury
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/
To recall to mind.
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/
require as useful, just, or proper
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/
advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
seemsverbUS /siːmz/
third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
shareverbUS /ʃer/
have in common
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/
(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/
the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
soconjunctionUS /soʊ/
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
someadjectiveUS /sʌm/
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
soundnounUS /saʊnd/
the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/
(of a nose) blocked
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/
of the kind already mentioned
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/
having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/
taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/
for that reason; as a result
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/
judge or regard; look upon; judge
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
timenounUS /taɪm/
an instance or single occasion for some event
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/
the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/
not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
unconcernedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːrnd/
lacking in interest or care or feeling
From this reading I am not surprised, nor indeed concerned, at your accident; for I remember the dreadful feeling of that situation in myself; and as it must require a most uncommon share of impudence to be unconcerned upon such an occasion, I am not sure that I am not rather glad you stopped.
upadjectiveUS /ʌp/
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/
an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/
precisely as stated
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
voicenounUS /vɔɪs/
the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
welladverbUS /wel/
(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading I hear that you were stopped for some time in your career; but recovered breath, and finished it very well.
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
willmodal verbUS /wɪl/
used to talk about the future, or about willingness
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
workverbUS /wɜːrk/
exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity
From this reading Nothing will contribute so much to this as committee work of elections at night, and of private bills in the morning.
youpronounUS /juː/
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/
belonging to the person or people being spoken to
From this reading BATH, November 27, 1754 MY DEAR FRIEND: I heartily congratulate you upon the loss of your political maidenhead, of which I have received from others a very good account.
yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/
used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action
From this reading You must therefore now think of hardening yourself by degrees, by using yourself insensibly to the sound of your own voice, and to the act (trifling as it seems) of rising up and sitting down.
