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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
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LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.
Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.
Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.
There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.
When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.
Line 2
Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.
Line 3
Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.
/ˈæsədz ɑːr ɡʊd fɔːr juː bʌt juː duː nɑːt lʌv ðem ənd swiːt θɪŋz ɑːr bæd fɔːr juː ənd juː duː lʌv ðem/
Line 4
There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.
/ðer ɪz əˈnʌðər θɪŋ ˈveri bæd fɔːr juː ənd aɪ fɪr juː lʌv ɪt tuː mʌtʃ/
Line 5
When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Acids noun US /ˈæsədz/

plural of “acid” — any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt

From this reading “Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.”

continuance noun US /kənˈtɪnjuːəns/

the act of continuing an activity without interruption

From this reading “Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.”

obstructions noun US /əbˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “obstruction” — any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading “Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.”

postscript noun US /ˈpoʊskrɪpt/

a note appended to a letter after the signature

From this reading “When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.”

prescription noun US /prəˈskrɪpʃən/

directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions

From this reading “When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.”

regimen noun US /ˈredʒəmən/

(medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)

From this reading “Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.”

Rhubarb noun US /ˈruːbɑːrb/

long pinkish sour leafstalks usually eaten cooked and sweetened

From this reading “Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.”

specifics noun US /spɪˈsɪfɪks/

plural of “specific” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading “Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1759

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

AcidsnounUS /ˈæsədz/

plural of “acid” — any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

Boerhaave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

chalybeateadjective

containing or impregnated with or tasting of iron

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

colatur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

consultedverbUS /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

continuancenounUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəns/

the act of continuing an activity without interruption

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

curedadjectiveUS /kjʊrd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

effectualadjective

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

fevernounUS /ˈfiːvər/

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

HollandnounUS /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

illnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

implyverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪ/

express or state indirectly

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

livernounUS /ˈlɪvər/

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

medicinesnounUS /ˈmedəsənz/

plural of “medicine” — the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

obstructionsnounUS /əbˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “obstruction” — any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

physiciannounUS /fəˈzɪʃən/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

postscriptnounUS /ˈpoʊskrɪpt/

a note appended to a letter after the signature

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

prescribedadjectiveUS /priˈskraɪbd/

set down as a rule or guide

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

prescriptionnounUS /prəˈskrɪpʃən/

directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

rarius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

regimennounUS /ˈredʒəmən/

(medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

returnsnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

RhubarbnounUS /ˈruːbɑːrb/

long pinkish sour leafstalks usually eaten cooked and sweetened

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

soapnounUS /soʊp/

a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

specificsnounUS /spɪˈsɪfɪks/

plural of “specific” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading There is another thing very bad for you, and I fear you love it too much.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

VenusnounUS /ˈviːnəs/

the second nearest planet to the sun

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading Rhubarb, soap, and chalybeate medicines and waters, are almost always specifics for obstructions of the liver; but then a very exact regimen is necessary, and that for a long continuance.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When I was in Holland, I had a slow fever that hung upon me a great while; I consulted Boerhaave, who prescribed me what I suppose was proper, for it cured me; but he added, by way of postscript to his prescription, 'Venus rarius colatur'; which I observed, and perhaps that made the medicines more effectual.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Acids are good for you, but you do not love them; and sweet things are bad for you, and you do love them.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, March 30, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: I do not like these frequent, however short, returns of your illness; for I doubt they imply either want of skill in your physician, or want of care in his patient.

Chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 4 holds 22 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.