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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
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BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.
YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.
Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?
If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.
If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.
Line 2
YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.
/jɔːr ˈfiːvər stɪl kənˈtɪnjuːz hiː sez ðoʊ ɪn ə les dɪˈɡriː/
Line 3
Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?
Line 4
If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.
/ɪf ðə ˈfɔːrmər noʊ ˈwʌndər ðæt juː ɑːr wiːk ənd ðæt jɔːr hed eɪks/
Line 5
If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.
/ɪf ðə ˈlætər waɪ hæz nɑːt ðə bɑːrk ɪn ˈsʌbstəns ənd lɑːrdʒ ˈdoʊsəz bɪn ədˈmɪnəstərd fɔːr ɪf ɪt hæd ɪt mʌst hæv stɑːpt ɪt baɪ ðɪs taɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aches noun US /eɪks/

plural of “ache” — a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain

From this reading “If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.”

administered verb US /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading “If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.”

continues verb US /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading “YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.”

dissipated adjective US /ˈdɪsəpeɪtɪd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.”

doses noun US /ˈdoʊsəz/

plural of “dos” — the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies

From this reading “If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.”

quieted verb US /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.”

secretary's noun US /ˈsekrəteriz/

possessive form of “secretary” — a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.”

substance noun US /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading “If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

1759

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

4th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

achesnounUS /eɪks/

plural of “ache” — a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

administeredverbUS /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

CONTINUESverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

DEGREEnounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

dissipatedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪsəpeɪtɪd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

dosesnounUS /ˈdoʊsəz/

plural of “dos” — the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

FEVERnounUS /ˈfiːvər/

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

intermitting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

LESSadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Is it a continued fever, or an intermitting one?

quietedverbUS /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

secretary'snounUS /ˈsekrəteriz/

possessive form of “secretary” — a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

STILLadjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

THOUGHconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading YOUR FEVER STILL CONTINUES, he says, THOUGH IN A LESS DEGREE.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading If the latter, why has not the bark, in substance and large doses, been administered? for if it had, it must have stopped it by this time.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If the former, no wonder that you are weak, and that your head aches.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, May 16, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: Your secretary's last letter of the 4th, which I received yesterday, has quieted my fears a good deal, but has not entirely dissipated them.

Chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 19 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 7 holds 19 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 19 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3359 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3359, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.