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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 26 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.
I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.
Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.
I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.
I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 26 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.
Line 2
I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.
/aɪ wɪl teɪk ðɪs æz ə saɪn ðæt juː ɑːr ˈbetər bʌt ˌhaʊˈevər ɪf juː θɔːt ðæt aɪ kerd tuː noʊ juː ʃʊd hæv kerd tuː hæv ˈrɪtən/
Line 3
Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.
/hiːr ðə ˈweðər hæz bɪn ˈveri faɪn fɔːr ə ˈfɔːrtnaɪt təˈɡeðər ə ˈlɔːŋɡər tɜːrm ðæn ɪn ðɪs ˈklaɪmət wiː ɑːr juːzd tuː hoʊld faɪn ˈweðər baɪ/
Line 4
I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.
Line 5
I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belles noun US /belz/

plural of “belle” — a young woman who is the most charming and beautiful of several rivals

From this reading “I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.”

climate noun US /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading “Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.”

coin verb US /kɔɪn/

make up

From this reading “I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.”

Hamburg noun US /ˈhæmbərɡ/

a port city in northern Germany on the Elbe River that was founded by Charlemagne in the 9th century and is today the largest port in Germany; in 1241 it formed an alliance with Lubeck that became the basis for the Hanseatic League

From this reading “I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.”

Hanover noun US /ˈhænoʊvər/

a port city in northwestern Germany; formerly a member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading “I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.”

mails noun US /meɪlz/

plural of “mail” — the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.”

retirements noun US /rɪˈtaɪrmənts/

plural of “retirement” — the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.”

wags noun US /wæɡz/

plural of “wag” — a witty amusing person who makes jokes

From this reading “I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1759

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

25

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

bellesnounUS /belz/

plural of “belle” — a young woman who is the most charming and beautiful of several rivals

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

Cassel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

coinverbUS /kɔɪn/

make up

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

desnounUS /des/

a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

Gottingen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

HamburgnounUS /ˈhæmbərɡ/

a port city in northern Germany on the Elbe River that was founded by Charlemagne in the 9th century and is today the largest port in Germany; in 1241 it formed an alliance with Lubeck that became the basis for the Hanseatic League

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

HanovernounUS /ˈhænoʊvər/

a port city in northwestern Germany; formerly a member of the Hanseatic League

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

l'amour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

lettres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

mailsnounUS /meɪlz/

plural of “mail” — the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

miscalled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

prayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

presumeverbUS /prɪˈzuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

retirementsnounUS /rɪˈtaɪrmənts/

plural of “retirement” — the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

vezzosa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

viciosa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

villanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

wagsnounUS /wæɡz/

plural of “wag” — a witty amusing person who makes jokes

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Here the weather has been very fine for a fortnight together, a longer term than in this climate we are used to hold fine weather by.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I have a most gloomy prospect of affairs in Germany; the French are already in possession of Cassel, and of the learned part of Hanover, that is Gottingen; where I presume they will not stop 'pour l'amour des belles lettres', but rather go on to the capital, and study them upon the coin.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I hope it is so, too, at Hamburg, or at least at the villa to which you are gone; but pray do not let it be your 'villa viciosa', as those retirements are often called, and too often prove; though, by the way, the original name was 'villa vezzosa'; and by wags miscalled 'viciosa'.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading I will take this as a sign that you are better; but, however, if you thought that I cared to know, you should have cared to have written.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, June 25, 1759 MY DEAR FRIEND: The two last mails have brought me no letter from you or your secretary.

Chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 26 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 9 holds 26 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 26 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3359 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3359, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.