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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 8 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 8 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 8
BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.
You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.
You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.
By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.
Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.
The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.
My head is not well to-day.
So God bless you!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 8 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 8 reading units · Lines 1–8

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.
Line 2
You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.
/juː ɑːr aɪ faɪnd ˈoʊvər hed ənd ɪrz enˈɡeɪdʒd ɪn ˈserəmoʊni ənd ˈetəkət/
Line 3
You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.
/juː mʌst nɑːt jiːld ɪn ˈeniθɪŋ eˈsenʃəl wer jɔːr ˈpʌblɪk ˈkerɪktər meɪ ˈsʌfər bʌt aɪ ædˈvaɪz juː æt ðə seɪm taɪm tuː dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ ˈkerfəli wʌt meɪ ənd wʌt meɪ nɑːt əˈfekt ɪt ənd tuː dɪˈspaɪz sʌm ˈdʒɜːrmən mɪˈnuːʃiə sʌtʃ æz wʌn step ˈloʊər ɔːr ˈhaɪər əˈpɑːn ðə sterz ə baʊ mɔːr ɔːr les ənd sʌtʃ sɔːrt ʌv ˈtraɪfəlz/
Line 4
By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.
Line 5
Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.
/raɪt tuː jɔːr ˈmʌðər ˈɔːfən ɪf ɪt biː bʌt θriː wɜːrdz tuː pruːv jɔːr eɡˈzɪstəns fɔːr wen ʃiː dʌz nɑːt hiːr frʌm juː ʃiː noʊz tuː ə ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən ðæt juː ɑːr ded ɪf nɑːt ˈberid/
Line 6
The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.
Line 7
My head is not well to-day.
Line 8
So God bless you!
/soʊ ɡɑːd bles juː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affect verb US /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading “You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.”

cheapness noun US /ˈtʃiːpnəs/

a price below the standard price

From this reading “By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.”

compensates verb US /ˈkɑːmpənseɪts/

third-person singular of “compensate” — adjust for

From this reading “By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.”

demonstration noun US /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən/

a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

From this reading “Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.”

etiquette noun US /ˈetəkət/

rules governing socially acceptable behavior

From this reading “You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.”

minutiae noun US /mɪˈnuːʃiə/

plural of “minutia” — a small or minor detail

From this reading “You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.”

Serene adjective US /sərˈiːn/

not agitated; without losing self-possession

From this reading “The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.”

trifles noun US /ˈtraɪfəlz/

plural of “trifle” — a cold pudding made of layers of sponge cake spread with fruit or jelly; may be decorated with nuts, cream, or chocolate

From this reading “You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

1763

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

adviseverbUS /ædˈvaɪz/

give advice to

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

affectverbUS /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

blessverbUS /bles/

give a benediction to

From this reading So God bless you!

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

ceremonynounUS /ˈserəmoʊni/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

cheapnessnounUS /ˈtʃiːpnəs/

a price below the standard price

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

compensatesverbUS /ˈkɑːmpənseɪts/

third-person singular of “compensate” — adjust for

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

Cressener's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

demonstrationnounUS /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən/

a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

etiquettenounUS /ˈetəkət/

rules governing socially acceptable behavior

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading So God bless you!

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

inclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

LOUISnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

minutiaenounUS /mɪˈnuːʃiə/

plural of “minutia” — a small or minor detail

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading You are, I find, over head and ears engaged in ceremony and etiquette.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

Ratisbon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

SereneadjectiveUS /sərˈiːn/

not agitated; without losing self-possession

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So God bless you!

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

stairsnounUS /sterz/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My head is not well to-day.

triflesnounUS /ˈtraɪfəlz/

plural of “trifle” — a cold pudding made of layers of sponge cake spread with fruit or jelly; may be decorated with nuts, cream, or chocolate

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading My head is not well to-day.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading By what I see in Cressener's letter to you, the cheapness of wine compensates the quantity, as the cheapness of servants compensates the number that you must make use of.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The inclosed is a letter of the utmost consequence, which I was desired to forward, with care and speed, to the most Serene LOUIS.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

WriteverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Write to your mother often, if it be but three words, to prove your existence; for, when she does not hear from you, she knows to a demonstration that you are dead, if not buried.

YesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading You must not yield in anything essential, where your public character may suffer; but I advise you, at the same time, to distinguish carefully what may, and what may not affect it, and to despise some German 'minutiae'; such as one step lower or higher upon the stairs, a bow more or less, and such sort of trifles.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 14, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Yesterday I received your letter from Ratisbon, where I am glad that you are arrived safe.

Chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 8 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 17 holds 8 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 8 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3359 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3359, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.