Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!
The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.
You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.
Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.
However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 25 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!
Line 2
The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.
/ðə kɪŋ sent fɔːr ˈmɪstər pɪt læst ˈsætərdi ənd ðə ˈkɑːnfərəns ˈlæstəd ə fʊl ˈaʊər ɑːn ðə ˈmʌndi ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ əˈnʌðər ˈkɑːnfərəns wɪtʃ ˈlæstəd mʌtʃ ˈlɔːŋɡər ənd ˈjestərdeɪ ə θɜːrd ˈlɔːŋɡər ðæn ˈiːðər/
Line 3
You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.
/juː teɪk fɔːr ˈɡræntəd ðæt ðə ˈtriːti wɑːz kənˈkluːdəd ənd ˈrætəfaɪd noʊ sʌtʃ ˈmætər fɔːr ðɪs læst ˈkɑːnfərəns broʊk ɪt ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔːf ənd ˈmɪstər pɪt ənd lɔːrd ˈtempəl went ˈjestərdeɪ ˈiːvnɪŋ tuː ðer rɪˈspektɪv ˈkʌntri ˈhaʊsəz/
Line 4
Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.
Line 5
However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conclude verb US /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading “However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.”

conference noun US /ˈkɑːnfərəns/

a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)

From this reading “The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.”

consulted verb US /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading “However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.”

minutely adverb US /ˈmɪnətli/

in minute detail

From this reading “Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.”

Pitt noun US /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading “The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.”

ratified adjective US /ˈrætəfaɪd/

formally approved and invested with legal authority

From this reading “You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.”

respective adjective US /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading “You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.”

treaty noun US /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

1763

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

coffee-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

concludeverbUS /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

concludedadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

conferencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfərəns/

a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

consultedverbUS /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

grantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

honestlyadverbUS /ˈɑːnəstli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

humblyadverbUS /ˈhʌmbli/

in a humble manner

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

minutelyadverbUS /ˈmɪnətli/

in minute detail

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

newsmongers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

PittnounUS /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

plenipotentiarynoun

a diplomat who is fully authorized to represent his or her government

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

ratifiedadjectiveUS /ˈrætəfaɪd/

formally approved and invested with legal authority

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

respectiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

SaturdaynounUS /ˈsætərdi/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading BLACKHEATH, September 1, 1763 MY DEAR FRIEND: Great news!

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

treatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading However, the King's dignity was not, in my mind, much consulted by their making him sole plenipotentiary of a treaty, which they were not in all events determined to conclude.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

Wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Would you know what it broke off upon, you must ask the newsmongers, and the coffee-houses; who, I dare say, know it all very minutely; but I, who am not apt to know anything that I do not know, honestly and humbly confess, that I cannot tell you; probably one party asked too much, and the other would grant too little.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading The King sent for Mr. Pitt last Saturday, and the conference lasted a full hour; on the Monday following another conference, which lasted much longer; and yesterday a third, longer than either.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You take for granted, that the treaty was concluded and ratified; no such matter, for this last conference broke it entirely off; and Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple went yesterday evening to their respective country houses.

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 25 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 20 holds 25 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 25 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3359 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3359, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.