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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XXXV · Chapter 35

Chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 15 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.
Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.
There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.
Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.
It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XXXV · Chapter 35

Chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 15 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.
Line 2
Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.
/ˈmeni mɔːr ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ɑːr tɔːkt ʌv bʌt soʊ ˈaɪdli ənd ˈveriəsli ðæt aɪ ɡɪv ˈkredət tuː nʌn ʌv ðem/
Line 3
There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.
Line 4
Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.
Line 5
It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cum noun US /kʌm/

the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading “There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.”

duration noun US /ˈdʊˈreɪʃən/

the period of time during which something continues

From this reading “Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.”

Gazette noun US /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.”

Pitt noun US /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading “It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.”

repairs noun US /rɪˈperz/

plural of “repair” — the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading “It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.”

Secretaries noun US /ˈsekrəteriz/

plural of “secretary” — a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading “There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.”

suspend verb US /səˈspend/

hang freely

From this reading “BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.”

variously adverb US /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading “Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

1765

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

adviseverbUS /ædˈvaɪz/

give advice to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

aliis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

BoardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

creditnounUS /ˈkredət/

approval

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

cumnounUS /kʌm/

the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

durationnounUS /ˈdʊˈreɪʃən/

the period of time during which something continues

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

GazettenounUS /ɡəˈzet/

a newspaper or official journal

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

idlyadverbUS /ˈaɪdli/

in an idle manner

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

key-stone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

multis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

PittnounUS /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

repairsnounUS /rɪˈperz/

plural of “repair” — the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

SecretariesnounUS /ˈsekrəteriz/

plural of “secretary” — a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

suspendverbUS /səˈspend/

hang freely

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

TreasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There has been pretty clean sweeping already; and I do not remember, in my time, to have seen so much at once, as an entire new Board of Treasury, and two new Secretaries of State, 'cum multis aliis', etc.

variouslyadverbUS /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading Many more changes are talked of, but so idly, and variously, that I give credit to none of them.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading It will certainly require repairs, and a key-stone next winter; and that key-stone will, and must necessarily be, Mr. Pitt.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Here is a new political arch almost built, but of materials of so different a nature, and without a key-stone, that it does not, in my opinion, indicate either strength or duration.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BLACKHEATH, July 15, 1765 MY DEAR FRIEND: I told you in my last, that you should hear from me again, as soon as I had anything more to write; and now I have too much to write, therefore will refer you to the "Gazette," and the office letters, for all that has been done; and advise you to suspend your opinion, as I do, about all that is to be done.

Chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 15 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 35 holds 15 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 15 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 35 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 35 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 35 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.