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Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, December 27, 1765.
MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.
My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.
You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.
The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art is here in full — 21 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, December 27, 1765.
Line 2
MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.
/maɪ dɪr frend aɪ ərˈaɪvd hiːr frʌm bæθ læst ˈmʌndi ˈræðər bʌt nɑːt mʌtʃ ˈbetər ðæn wen aɪ went ˈoʊvər ðer/
Line 3
My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.
/maɪ ruːˈmætɪk peɪnz ɪn maɪ leɡz ənd hɪps pleɪɡ miː stɪl ənd aɪ mʌst ˈnevər ɪkˈspekt tuː biː kwaɪt friː frʌm ðem/
Line 4
You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.
Line 5
The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Administration noun US /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading “The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.”

Colonies noun US /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.”

Colonists noun US /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.”

forbearance noun US /fɔːrˈberəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading “The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.”

hips noun US /hɪps/

plural of “hip” — either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh

From this reading “My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.”

relatively adverb US /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading “You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.”

rheumatic noun US /ruːˈmætɪk/

a person suffering with rheumatism

From this reading “My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.”

tax verb US /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading “The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1765

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, December 27, 1765.

27

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, December 27, 1765.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

AdministrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

BathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

ColoniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

ColonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading LONDON, December 27, 1765.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

dragonnades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

forbearancenounUS /fɔːrˈberəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

frowardadjective

habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

hipsnounUS /hɪps/

plural of “hip” — either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

lesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, December 27, 1765.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

OppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

parliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

plagueverbUS /pleɪɡ/

cause to suffer a blight

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

relativelyadverbUS /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

rheumaticnounUS /ruːˈmætɪk/

a person suffering with rheumatism

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

Stamp-duty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My rheumatic pains, in my legs and hips, plague me still, and I must never expect to be quite free from them.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Administration are for some indulgence and forbearance to those froward children of their mother country; the Opposition are for taking vigorous, as they call them, but I call them violent measures; not less than 'les dragonnades'; and to have the tax collected by the troops we have there.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I arrived here from Bath last Monday, rather, but not much better, than when I went over there.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You have, to be sure, had from the office an account of what the parliament did, or rather did not do, the day of their meeting; and the same point will be the great object at their next meeting; I mean the affair of our American Colonies, relatively to the late imposed Stamp-duty, which our Colonists absolutely refuse to pay.

Chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 21 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 40 holds 21 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 21 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3359, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 50 minutes of reading across 122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Molti
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felici'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1759-65 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.