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Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 11 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.
MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.
The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.
The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.
The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 11 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.
Line 2
MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.
Line 3
The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.
Line 4
The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.
/ðə ˈkɑːzəz ənd ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz ʌv ˈmɪstər pɪts ˈkwɔːrəl naʊ əˈpɪr ɪn prɪnt ɪn ə ˈpæmflət ˈpʌblɪʃt baɪ lɔːrd tiː ənd ɪn ə ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən ʌv ɪt nɑːt baɪ ˈmɪstər pɪt hɪmˈself aɪ bɪˈliːv bʌt baɪ sʌm frend ʌv hɪz ənd ˈʌndər hɪz ˈsæŋkʃən/
Line 5
The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.
/ðə ˈfɔːrmər ɪz ˈveri ˈskɜːrələs ənd ˈskændələs ənd bɪˈtreɪz ˈpraɪvət ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betrays verb US /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.”

pamphlet noun US /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading “The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.”

Pitt noun US /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading “The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.”

Pitt's noun US /pɪts/

possessive form of “pitt” — a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading “The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.”

refutation noun US /ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən/

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions

From this reading “The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.”

sanction noun US /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading “The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.”

scandalous adjective US /ˈskændələs/

giving offense to moral sensibilities and injurious to reputation

From this reading “The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.”

scurrilous adjective US /ˈskɜːrələs/

expressing offensive reproach

From this reading “The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.

1766

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.

30th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

behaveverbUS /bɪˈheɪv/

behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

betraysverbUS /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

BLACKHEATH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACKHEATH, August 14, 1766.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

newspapersnounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpərz/

plural of “newspaper” — a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

pamphletnounUS /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

PittnounUS /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

Pitt'snounUS /pɪts/

possessive form of “pitt” — a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

quarrelnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəl/

an angry dispute

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

refutationnounUS /ˌrefjuːˈteɪʃən/

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

sanctionnounUS /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

scandalousadjectiveUS /ˈskændələs/

giving offense to moral sensibilities and injurious to reputation

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

scurrilousadjectiveUS /ˈskɜːrələs/

expressing offensive reproach

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The causes and consequences of Mr. Pitt's quarrel now appear in print, in a pamphlet published by Lord T------; and in a refutation of it, not by Mr. Pitt himself, I believe, but by some friend of his, and under his sanction.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The former is very scurrilous and scandalous, and betrays private conversation.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The newspapers have informed you, before now, of the changes actually made; more will probably follow, but what, I am sure, I cannot tell you; and I believe nobody can, not even those who are to make them: they will, I suppose, be occasional, as people behave themselves.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 30th past, and I find by it that it crossed mine upon the road, where they had no time to take notice of one another.

Chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 11 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 6 holds 11 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 11 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3360, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 39 minutes of reading across 95 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Former
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.