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Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.
When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.
If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?
Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.
I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.
Line 2
When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.
/wen juː raɪt miː wɜːrd ðæt juː ɑːr æt ˈdrezdɪn aɪ wɪl rɪˈtɜːrn juː æn ˈænsər wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈbetər ðæn ðə ˈænsər ˌɪtˈself/
Line 3
If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?
Line 4
Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.
/snoʊ ˈɔːfən ˌnɔːrˈθiːst waɪnd ˈkɑːnstəntli ənd ekˈstriːm koʊld/
Line 5
I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.
/aɪ raɪt ðɪs baɪ ðə saɪd ʌv ə ɡʊd ˈfaɪər ənd æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt ɪt snoʊz ˈveri hɑːrd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accordingly adverb US /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading “LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.”

Basle noun US /ˈbæsəl/

a city in northwestern Switzerland

From this reading “LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.”

complain verb US /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?”

constantly adverb US /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading “Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.”

Dresden noun US /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading “LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.”

northeast noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees

From this reading “Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.”

presume verb US /prɪˈzuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.”

snows noun US /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading “I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1767

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

25th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

BaslenounUS /ˈbæsəl/

a city in northwestern Switzerland

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

Besancon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

DresdennounUS /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

northeastnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

presumeverbUS /prɪˈzuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

SnownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

snowsnounUS /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

uninterruptedlyadverb

without interruption

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I write this by the side of a good fire; and at this moment it snows very hard.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Snow often, northeast wind constantly, and extreme cold.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If you complain of the weather, north of Besancon, what would you say to the weather that we have had here for these last two months, uninterruptedly?

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading When you write me word that you are at Dresden, I will return you an answer, with something better than the answer itself.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading LONDON, May 5, 1767, MY DEAR FRIEND: By your letter of the 25th past, from Basle, I presume this will find you at Dresden, and accordingly I direct to you there.

Chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 16 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 15 holds 16 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 16 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 472 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3360 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3360, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 39 minutes of reading across 95 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Former
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.