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Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, June 1, 1767.
MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.
This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.
Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.
The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, June 1, 1767.
Line 2
MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.
Line 3
This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.
Line 4
Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.
/ˈevribɑːdi hæz ˈfaɪərz ənd ðer ˈwɪntər kloʊðz æz æt ˈkrɪsməs/
Line 5
The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.
/ðə taʊn ɪz ekˈstriːmli ˈsɪkli ənd ˈsʌdən deθs hæv bɪn ˈveri ˈfriːkwənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Christmas noun US /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading “Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.”

continues verb US /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading “This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.”

deaths noun US /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading “The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.”

Dresden noun US /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.”

fires noun US /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading “Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.”

frequent verb US /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.”

June noun US /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading “LONDON, June 1, 1767.”

sickly adjective US /ˈsɪkli/

unhealthy looking

From this reading “The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, June 1, 1767.

1767

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, June 1, 1767.

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

annus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

continuesverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːz/

third-person singular of “continue” — continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

deathsnounUS /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

DresdennounUS /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

EverybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading LONDON, June 1, 1767.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, June 1, 1767.

mirabilisnoun

four o'clocks

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

sicklyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪkli/

unhealthy looking

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The town is extremely sickly; and sudden deaths have been very frequent.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading This has been everywhere an 'annus mirabilis' for bad weather, and it continues here still.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Everybody has fires, and their winter clothes, as at Christmas.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: I received yesterday your letter of the 20th past, from Dresden, where I am glad to find that you are arrived safe and sound.

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 16 holds 18 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 472 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3360 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3360, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 39 minutes of reading across 95 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Former
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.