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Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 10 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, November 3, 1767.
MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.
For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.
It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.
I do it to this day, and find great good by it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 10 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, November 3, 1767.
Line 2
MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.
Line 3
For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.
/fɔːr ðə ˈhedeɪks juː kəmˈpleɪn ʌv aɪ wɪl ˈventʃər tuː prəˈskraɪb ə ˈremədi wɪtʃ baɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns aɪ faʊnd ə spəˈsɪfɪk wen aɪ wɑːz ekˈstriːmli pleɪɡd wɪð ðem/
Line 4
It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.
Line 5
I do it to this day, and find great good by it.
/aɪ duː ɪt tuː ðɪs deɪ ənd faɪnd ɡreɪt ɡʊd baɪ ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chew verb US /tʃuː/

chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth

From this reading “It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.”

headaches noun US /ˈhedeɪks/

plural of “headache” — something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness

From this reading “For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.”

mixes noun US /ˈmɪksəz/

plural of “mix” — a commercially prepared mixture of dry ingredients

From this reading “It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.”

pills noun US /pɪlz/

plural of “pill” — something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading “It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.”

plagued verb US /pleɪɡd/

past form of “plague” — cause to suffer a blight

From this reading “For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.”

prescribe verb US /prəˈskraɪb/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading “For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.”

rhubarb noun US /ˈruːbɑːrb/

long pinkish sour leafstalks usually eaten cooked and sweetened

From this reading “It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.”

specific adjective US /spəˈsɪfɪk/

(sometimes followed by “to”) applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique

From this reading “For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1767

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, November 3, 1767.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, November 3, 1767.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

aliments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

chewverbUS /tʃuː/

chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

grainsnounUS /ɡreɪnz/

plural of “grain” — a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

headachesnounUS /ˈhedeɪks/

plural of “headache” — something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, November 3, 1767.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

mixesnounUS /ˈmɪksəz/

plural of “mix” — a commercially prepared mixture of dry ingredients

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading LONDON, November 3, 1767.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

pillsnounUS /pɪlz/

plural of “pill” — something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

plaguedverbUS /pleɪɡd/

past form of “plague” — cause to suffer a blight

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

prescribeverbUS /prəˈskraɪb/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

rhubarbnounUS /ˈruːbɑːrb/

long pinkish sour leafstalks usually eaten cooked and sweetened

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

scurvynoun

a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

specificadjectiveUS /spəˈsɪfɪk/

(sometimes followed by “to”) applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I do it to this day, and find great good by it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is either to chew ten grains of rhubarb every night going to bed: or, what I think rather better, to take, immediately before dinner, a couple of rhubarb pills, of five grains each; by which means it mixes with the aliments, and will, by degrees, keep your body gently open.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading For the headaches you complain of, I will venture to prescribe a remedy, which, by experience, I found a specific, when I was extremely plagued with them.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Your last letter brought me but a scurvy account of your health.

Chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 10 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 20 holds 10 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 10 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 472 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3360 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3360, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art take to read?

About 39 minutes of reading across 95 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Former
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.