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Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 7 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 7 lines
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BATH, October 11, 1769.
MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.
Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.
I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.
When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.
I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.
I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art is here in full — 7 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 7 reading units · Lines 1–7

Line 1
BATH, October 11, 1769.
Line 2
MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.
Line 3
Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.
/jɔːr ˈɔːrdərz ənd jərˈself kʌm ˈʌndər ðɪs dɪˈskrɪpʃən ənd ˈðerfɔːr aɪ mʌst ɡɪv juː æn əˈkaʊnt ʌv maɪ ərˈaɪvəl ənd eɡˈzɪstəns sʌtʃ æz ɪt ɪz hiːr/
Line 4
I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.
Line 5
When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.
Line 6
I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.
/aɪ hoʊp ˈaʊər tuː bɔɪz ɑːr wel fɔːr ðen aɪ æm ʃʊr juː ɑːr soʊ/
Line 7
I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.
/aɪ æm wɪð ɡreɪt truːθ ənd əˈstiːm jɔːr moʊst ˈfeɪθfəl ˈhʌmbəl ˈsɜːrvənt ˈtʃestərfiːld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approaches noun US /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading “I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.”

bilk verb US /bɪlk/

cheat somebody out of what is due, especially money

From this reading “When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.”

chesterfield noun US /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading “I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.”

crawl verb US /krɔːl/

move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading “I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.”

fatigued adjective US /fəˈtiːɡd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading “I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.”

fours noun US /fɔːrz/

plural of “four” — the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading “I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.”

melancholic noun US /ˌmelənˈkɑːlɪk/

someone subject to melancholia

From this reading “When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.”

riddle verb US /ˈrɪdəl/

pierce with many holes

From this reading “I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.”

All words in this reading · 135

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BATH, October 11, 1769.

1769

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BATH, October 11, 1769.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

assureverbUS /əˈʃʊr/

make certain of

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

BATHnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading BATH, October 11, 1769.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

bilkverbUS /bɪlk/

cheat somebody out of what is due, especially money

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

caducity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

CHESTERFIELDnounUS /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

crawlverbUS /krɔːl/

move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

esteemnounUS /əˈstiːm/

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

faithfullyadverbUS /ˈfeɪθfəli/

in a faithful manner

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

fatiguedadjectiveUS /fəˈtiːɡd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

fellow-crawlers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

forgotverbUS /fərˈɡɑːt/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

foursnounUS /fɔːrz/

plural of “four” — the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

happenverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

MADAMnounUS /ˈmædəm/

a woman of refinement

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

melancholicnounUS /ˌmelənˈkɑːlɪk/

someone subject to melancholia

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

Michaelmasnoun

honoring the archangel Michael; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

NobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

obeyverbUS /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading BATH, October 11, 1769.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

orderernoun

someone who places an order to buy

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

Perny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

quarterage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

riddleverbUS /ˈrɪdəl/

pierce with many holes

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

Sphinx's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I got hither last Sunday, the day after I left London, less fatigued than I expected to have been; and now crawl about this place upon my three legs, but am kept in countenance by many of my fellow-crawlers; the last part of the Sphinx's riddle approaches, and I shall soon end, as I began, upon all fours.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I hope our two boys are well, for then I am sure you are so.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading When you happen to see either Monsieur or Madame Perny, I beg you will give them this melancholic proof of my caducity, and tell them that the last time I went to see the boys, I carried the Michaelmas quarterage in my pocket; and when I was there I totally forgot it; but assure them, that I have not the least intention to bilk them, and will pay them faithfully the two quarters together, at Christmas.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading MADAM: Nobody can be more willing and ready to obey orders than I am; but then I must like the orders and the orderer.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I am, with great truth and esteem, your most faithful, humble servant, CHESTERFIELD.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading Your orders and yourself come under this description; and therefore I must give you an account of my arrival and existence, such as it is, here.

Chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 7 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 31 holds 7 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 7 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 39 minutes of reading across 95 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Received
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Former
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1766-71 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.