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Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art is here in full — 293 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
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LONDON, June, O.
S.
1752.
MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.
The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art is here in full — 293 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, June, O.
/ˈlʌndən dʒuːn oʊ/
Line 2
S.
/es/
Line 3
1752.
Line 4
MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.
/maɪ dɪr frend ˈveri fjuː ˈseləbreɪtɪd nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪtərz hæv bɪn ˈemənənt fɔːr ðer ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/
Line 5
The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abler adjective US /ˈeɪbələr/

comparative of “able” — (usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading “The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.”

boast verb US /boʊst/

show off

From this reading “The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.”

celebrated adjective US /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.”

eminent adjective US /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.”

June noun US /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading “LONDON, June, O.”

learning noun US /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.”

nation noun US /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.”

negotiators noun US /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪtərz/

plural of “negotiator” — someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement)

From this reading “MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.”

All words in this reading · 42

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1752

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1752.

ableradjectiveUS /ˈeɪbələr/

comparative of “able” — (usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

Comtenoun

French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

d'Estrades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

d'Harcourt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

d'Uxelles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

eminentadjectiveUS /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading LONDON, June, O.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, June, O.

Marechal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

negotiatorsnounUS /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪtərz/

plural of “negotiator” — someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement)

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, June, O.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading S.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d'Harcourt, Comte d'Estrades, Marechal d'Uxelles, and others.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading MY DEAR FRIEND: Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 293 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 22 holds 293 sentences of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 293 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art?

Yes. All 10351 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3361 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3361, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2071 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Distresses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Journey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heidelberg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, Complete On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.