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Letters to his wife Mary Borrow
Letters to his wife Mary Borrow

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to his wife Mary Borrow
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 9 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 9
LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].
MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).
I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.
I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.
I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.
Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.
God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.
Henrietta!
Do you know who is handsome?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to his wife Mary Borrow

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 9 reading units · Lines 1–9

Line 1
LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].
Line 2
MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).
Line 3
I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.
Line 4
I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.
Line 5
I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.
/aɪ hæv siːn æn ɪˈnɔːrməs diːl sɪns aɪ hæv bɪn əˈweɪ ənd hæv wɔːkt ˈsevrəl ˈhʌndrəd maɪlz/
Line 6
Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.
Line 7
God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.
/ɡɑːd bles juː ənd hen dʒɔːrdʒ ˈbɑːroʊ/
Line 8
Henrietta!
Line 9
Do you know who is handsome?
/duː juː noʊ huː ɪz ˈhænsəm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borrow verb US /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading “God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.”

Cathedral noun US /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading “Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.”

clergymen noun US /ˈklɜːrdʒimɪn/

plural of “clergyman” — a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading “I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.”

David's noun US /ˈdeɪvɪdz/

possessive form of “david” — patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

educating verb US /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “educate” — give an education to

From this reading “I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.”

Hen noun US /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading “God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.”

Mama noun US /ˈmɑːmə/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading “MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1857

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

AmongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

blessverbUS /bles/

give a benediction to

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

BORROWverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

CARRETA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

CathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

clergymennounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimɪn/

plural of “clergyman” — a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

David'snounUS /ˈdeɪvɪdz/

possessive form of “david” — patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do you know who is handsome?

educatingverbUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “educate” — give an education to

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

half-ruinous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading Do you know who is handsome?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

HennounUS /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

Henrietta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henrietta!

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Do you know who is handsome?

LAMPETER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

MamanounUS /ˈmɑːmə/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

Pembrokeshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

Radnor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

rd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading LAMPETER _September_ 3_rd_, [1857].

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

Shrewsbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

Tregavon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I shall then start for Radnor by Tregavon, and hope soon to be in England.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading I have seen an enormous deal since I have been away, and have walked several hundred miles.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading MY DEAR CARRETA, I am making the best of my way to Shrewsbury (my face is turned towards Mama).

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Do you know who is handsome?

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Amongst other places I have seen St. David’s, a wonderful half-ruinous Cathedral at the western end of Pembrokeshire; but I shall be glad to get back.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading I write this from Lampeter, where there is a college for educating clergymen intended for Wales, which I am going to see.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading God bless you and Hen, GEORGE BORROW.

Chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow by George Borrow holds 9 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow contain?

Chapter 4 holds 9 sentences of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 9 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to his wife Mary Borrow

Common questions about reading Letters to his wife Mary Borrow by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow?

Yes. All 257 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28814 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28814, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to his wife Mary Borrow take to read?

About 21 minutes of reading across 52 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters to his wife Mary Borrow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to his wife Mary Borrow

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to his wife Mary Borrow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Venice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrived
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Though
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his wife Mary Borrow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.