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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.
I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.
They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.
The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.
I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.
Line 2
I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.
Line 3
They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.
Line 4
The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.
Line 5
I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.
/aɪ pʊt ðem ˈɪntuː ə ˈsɪriz ʌv ʃɔːrt ˈsentənsəz fɔːr juː tuː peɪst ɔːl ərˈaʊnd ðə rɪm ʌv jɔːr hæt ənd ˈstʌdi waɪl juː ɑːr ˈsɔːɪŋ ˈtɪmbərz ənd ˈmɪksɪŋ səˈment/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cement noun US /səˈment/

concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

From this reading “I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.”

incurable adjective US /ˌɪnˈkjʊrəbəl/

incapable of being cured

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.”

mixing noun US /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading “I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.”

paste noun US /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading “I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.”

publishes verb US /ˈpʌblɪʃəz/

third-person singular of “publish” — put into print

From this reading “The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.”

sawing verb US /ˈsɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading “I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.”

teaches noun US /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading “The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.”

unemployment noun US /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being unemployed or not having a job

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.”

whole world adjective + noun

In this reading “I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.”

short sentences adjective + noun counted as “short sentence”

In this reading “I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

cementnounUS /səˈment/

concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

incurableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkjʊrəbəl/

incapable of being cured

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

jobnounUS /dʒɑːb/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

losesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

mixingnounUS /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

newspapernounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

pastenounUS /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

publishesverbUS /ˈpʌblɪʃəz/

third-person singular of “publish” — put into print

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

rimnounUS /rɪm/

the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular object

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

sawingverbUS /ˈsɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

sentencesnounUS /ˈsentənsəz/

plural of “sentence” — a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

teachernounUS /ˈtiːtʃər/

a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

teachesnounUS /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

timbersnounUS /ˈtɪmbərz/

plural of “timber” — the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

unemploymentnounUS /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being unemployed or not having a job

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I have said that unemployment is a disease of the profit system, incurable under that system.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The reason is equally simple--any editor who publishes them, or any teacher who teaches them, immediately loses his job.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

workingmannoun

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading I am now going to show why, and I consider these facts the most important in the whole world for a workingman to understand.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They are perfectly simple--any child can grasp them; yet they are never mentioned in any newspaper, and never taught in any school.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I put them into a series of short sentences for you to paste all around the rim of your hat and study while you are sawing timbers and mixing cement.

Chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman by Upton Sinclair holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman contain?

Chapter 13 holds 60 sentences of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman by Upton Sinclair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Common questions about reading Letters to Judd, an American Workingman by Upton Sinclair on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to Judd, an American Workingman take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to Judd, an American Workingman section by section

How to work through Letters to Judd, an American Workingman section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to Judd, an American Workingman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Letters to Judd, an American Workingman, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.