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Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.
At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.
This brought the total to forty-five.
A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.
They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lewis and Clark

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.
Line 2
At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.
Line 3
This brought the total to forty-five.
/ðɪs brɔːt ðə ˈtoʊtəl tuː ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/
Line 4
A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.
Line 5
They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.
/ðeɪ wɜːr breɪv ˈstɜːrdi ˈeɪbəl əˈmenəbəl tuː ˈdɪsəplən jet fʊl ʌv ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈriːsɔːrs aɪˈdiːl səˈbɔːrdəneɪts jet ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈevəri wʌn ˈfɪtəd baɪ ˈneɪtʃər fɔːr kəˈmænd ɪf əˈkeɪʒən ʃʊd ərˈaɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amenable adjective US /əˈmenəbəl/

disposed or willing to conform

From this reading “They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.”

broadly adverb US /ˈbrɔːdli/

without regard to specific details or exceptions

From this reading “A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.”

characterize verb US /ˈkerəktəraɪz/

describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

From this reading “A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.”

inclusive adjective US /ˌɪnˈkluːsɪv/

including much or everything; and especially including stated limits

From this reading “A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.”

Kentuckians noun US /ˌkenˈtʌkiənz/

plural of “kentuckian” — a native or resident of Kentucky

From this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

recruits noun US /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading “At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.”

subordinates noun US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading “They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.”

watermen noun US /ˈwɔːtərmən/

plural of “waterman” — someone who drives or rides in a boat

From this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

regular army adjective + noun

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

In this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

negro servant noun + noun

In this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

consisted of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

by nature preposition + noun

through inherent nature

In this reading “They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.”

two officers noun + noun counted as “two officer”

In this reading “THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

accompanyverbUS /əˈkʌmpəni/

be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

additionaladjectiveUS /əˈdɪʃənəl/

further or added

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

amenableadjectiveUS /əˈmenəbəl/

disposed or willing to conform

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

boatmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

broadlyadverbUS /ˈbrɔːdli/

without regard to specific details or exceptions

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading This brought the total to forty-five.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

characterizeverbUS /ˈkerəktəraɪz/

describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

forty-fivenounUS /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading This brought the total to forty-five.

fourteennounUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

inclusiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːsɪv/

including much or everything; and especially including stated limits

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

interpreternounUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətər/

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

KentuckiansnounUS /ˌkenˈtʌkiənz/

plural of “kentuckian” — a native or resident of Kentucky

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

Mandan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

NationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

non-commissioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

recruitsnounUS /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

resourcenounUS /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

STARTverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

statementnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

subordinatesnounUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

sufficeverbUS /səˈfaɪs/

be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading A broadly inclusive statement must suffice to characterize the non-commissioned men.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This brought the total to forty-five.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading This brought the total to forty-five.

twenty-ninenoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-eight and one

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

volunteeredverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrd/

past form of “volunteer” — tell voluntarily

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

watermennounUS /ˈwɔːtərmən/

plural of “waterman” — someone who drives or rides in a boat

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At St. Louis there were sixteen additional recruits,--an Indian hunter and interpreter, and fifteen boatmen, who were to go as far as the villages of the Mandan Nation.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They were brave, sturdy, able; amenable to discipline, yet full of original resource; ideal subordinates, yet almost every one fitted by nature for command, if occasion should arise.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE START As it was first organized, the party consisted of twenty-nine members,--the two officers, nine young Kentuckians, fourteen soldiers of the regular army who had volunteered to accompany the expedition, two French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

Chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark contain?

Chapter 4 holds 111 sentences of Lewis and Clark, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Lewis and Clark?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lewis and Clark

Common questions about reading Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lewis and Clark?

Yes. All 992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lewis and Clark is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lewis and Clark take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lewis and Clark section by section

How to work through Lewis and Clark section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Lewis and Clark to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lewis and Clark

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lewis and Clark, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commanded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Expedition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Explored
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.