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Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.
But they were told that this course was impracticable.
The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.
The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.
The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lewis and Clark

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.
Line 2
But they were told that this course was impracticable.
/bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr toʊld ðæt ðɪs kɔːrs wɑːz ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/
Line 3
The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.
Line 4
The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.
/ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃən ˈɡɪvən baɪ ðə ˈɪndiənz ʌv ðə lænd ruːt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmaʊntənz wɑːz ˈhɑːrdli mɔːr ˌriːəˈʃʊrɪŋ/
Line 5
The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.
/ðə ˈiːziəst treɪl tuː biː faʊnd wʊd biː rʌf ɪn ðə ekˈstriːm struːn wɪð rɑːks bɪˈsaɪdz snoʊ wʊd suːn fɔːl əˈpɑːn ðə haɪts ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntənz ˈberiɪŋ ðə treɪl ˈmeni fiːt diːp ənd pərˈhæps ˈrendərɪŋ ɪt ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burying noun US /ˈberiɪŋ/

concealing something under the ground

From this reading “The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.”

canyons noun US /ˈkænjənz/

plural of “canyon” — a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading “The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.”

hardiest adjective US /ˈhɑːrdiəst/

superlative of “hardy” — having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.”

impassable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading “The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.”

impracticable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/

not capable of being carried out or put into practice

From this reading “But they were told that this course was impracticable.”

reassuring adjective US /ˌriːəˈʃʊrɪŋ/

restoring confidence and relieving anxiety

From this reading “The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.”

Shoshone noun US /ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/

a member of the North American Indian people (related to the Aztecs) of the southwestern United States

From this reading “THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.”

ungovernable adjective US /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading “The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strewn with verb + particle counted as “strew with”

In this reading “The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.”

fall upon verb + particle

find unexpectedly

In this reading “The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.”

LAST STAGE adjective + noun

In this reading “THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.”

over the mountains preposition + article + noun counted as “over … mountain”

In this reading “The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.”

hardly more adverb + adjective

In this reading “The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

adventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

buryingnounUS /ˈberiɪŋ/

concealing something under the ground

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

canyonsnounUS /ˈkænjənz/

plural of “canyon” — a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

easiestadjectiveUS /ˈiːziəst/

superlative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

hardiestadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdiəst/

superlative of “hardy” — having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

impassableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

impracticableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/

not capable of being carried out or put into practice

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

JOURNEYverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

Lemhi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

reassuringadjectiveUS /ˌriːəˈʃʊrɪŋ/

restoring confidence and relieving anxiety

From this reading The description given by the Indians of the land route over the mountains was hardly more reassuring.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

SalmonnounUS /ˈsæmən/

any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

ShoshonenounUS /ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/

a member of the North American Indian people (related to the Aztecs) of the southwestern United States

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

Shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

SnakenounUS /sneɪk/

limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

STAGEnounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

torrentnounUS /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

ungovernableadjectiveUS /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But they were told that this course was impracticable.

WESTWARDadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The Lemhi flowed in an ungovernable torrent through wild canyons which the hardiest adventurers from this tribe had never succeeded in passing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The easiest trail to be found would be rough in the extreme, strewn with rocks; besides, snow would soon fall upon the heights of the mountains, burying the trail many feet deep, and perhaps rendering it impassable.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THE LAST STAGE OF THE WESTWARD JOURNEY Should a water route be taken from the Shoshone villages, it would be necessary to descend the Lemhi to Salmon River; the Salmon would conduct them to the Snake, and that to the Columbia.

Chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark contain?

Chapter 8 holds 93 sentences of Lewis and Clark, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Lewis and Clark?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lewis and Clark

Common questions about reading Lewis and Clark by William R. (William Rheem) Lighton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lewis and Clark?

Yes. All 992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lewis and Clark is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lewis and Clark take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lewis and Clark section by section

How to work through Lewis and Clark section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Lewis and Clark to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lewis and Clark

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lewis and Clark, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commanded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Expedition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Explored
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lewis and Clark; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.