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Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.
"You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.
I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]
It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.
"Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.
Line 2
"You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.
Line 3
I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]
Line 4
It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.
Line 5
"Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.
/ɡeɪ wɑːz ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tuː traɪ æt sʌtʃ ə θɪŋ fɔːr sʌm taɪm bʌt ˈæftərwərdz θɔːt ɪt wʊd biː ˈbetər tuː raɪt ə ˈkɑːmədi ɑːn ðə seɪm plæn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actively adverb US /ˈæktɪvli/

in an active manner

From this reading “"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.”

advising verb US /ædˈvaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “advise” — give advice to

From this reading “"You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.”

completion noun US /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading “"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.”

Dublin noun US /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading “I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]”

Howard's noun US /ˈhaʊərdz/

possessive form of “howard” — English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading “"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.”

nearing verb US /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading “"THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.”

Newgate noun US /ˈnuːɡeɪt/

a former prison in London notorious for its unsanitary conditions and burnt down in riots in 1780; a new prison was built on the same spot but was torn down in 1902

From this reading “"You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.”

Pastoral adjective US /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading “It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

1716

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

1727

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

22nd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

27th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

30th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

activelyadverbUS /ˈæktɪvli/

in an active manner

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

advisingverbUS /ædˈvaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “advise” — give advice to

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

allusionnounUS /əˈluːʒən/

passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

BEGGAR'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

comedynounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

completionnounUS /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

correctlyadverbUS /kərˈektli/

in an accurate manner

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

DublinnounUS /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

finishverbUS /ˈfɪnɪʃ/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

GayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

hinderverbUS /ˈhɪndər/

be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

Howard'snounUS /ˈhaʊərdz/

possessive form of “howard” — English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

ill-usedadjective

(of persons) taken advantage of

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

nearingverbUS /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

NewgatenounUS /ˈnuːɡeɪt/

a former prison in London notorious for its unsanitary conditions and burnt down in riots in 1780; a new prison was built on the same spot but was torn down in 1902

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

OPERAnounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

PastoraladjectiveUS /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

succeedverbUS /səkˈsiːd/

attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

suggestionnounUS /səˈdʒestʃən/

an idea that is suggested

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

SwiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" The opera to which allusion is made in Mrs. Howard's letter of October, 1727, was "The Beggar's Opera," upon which Gay had been actively engaged for some time past, and which was then nearing completion.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading "Gay was inclined to try at such a thing for some time, but afterwards thought it would be better to write a comedy on the same plan.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading It was natural that Swift should be especially interested in "The Beggar's Opera," because the first suggestion of it had come from Swift in a letter to Pope, written as far back as August 30th, 1716[3] "Dr. Swift had been observing once to Mr. Gay, what an odd pretty sort of thing a Newgate Pastoral might make," Pope once remarked.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You remember," Gay wrote to Swift, October 22nd, 1727, "you were advising me to go into Newgate to finish my scenes the more correctly.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I now think I shall, for I have no attendance to hinder me; but my opera is already finished."[1] To which Swift replied from Dublin on November 27th: "I am very glad your opera is finished, and hope your friends will join the readers to make it succeed, because you are ill-used by others."[2]

Chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 234 sentences of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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