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Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.
At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.
In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.
Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.
JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.
Line 2
At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.
/æt wʌns hiː kənˈsiːvd ðə aɪˈdiːə ʌv ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ʌp ðɪs ˈtraɪəmf wɪð əˈnʌðər ˈɑːprə bʌt bɪˈfɔːr ˈæktʃuːəli ˈɡetɪŋ tuː wɜːrk hiː tʊk θɪŋz ˈiːzəli/
Line 3
In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.
Line 4
Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.
Line 5
JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.
/dʒɑːn ɡeɪ tuː diːn swɪft/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bath noun US /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading “Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.”

conceived verb US /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading “At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.”

dean noun US /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading “JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.”

Duchess noun US /ˈdʌtʃəs/

the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right

From this reading “Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.”

heartened verb US /ˈhɑːrtənd/

past form of “hearten” — give encouragement to

From this reading “1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.”

including verb US /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading “Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.”

opera noun US /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading “1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.”

visiting noun US /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading “In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1728

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

1729

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

BathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

Bathurst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

Beggar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

Bolingbrokes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

Cashiobury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

DEANnounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.

DuchessnounUS /ˈdʌtʃəs/

the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

GayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

heartenedverbUS /ˈhɑːrtənd/

past form of “hearten” — give encouragement to

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

heartens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

Henrietta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

Marlborough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

OperanounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

POLLY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

Pulteney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

ShortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

SWIFTadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading JOHN GAY TO DEAN SWIFT.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1728-1729 "POLLY" The success of "The Beggar's Opera" heartened Gay, as a first great success heartens any man.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading In March he stayed at Cashiobury with Pulteney, visiting from there Lord Bathurst and the Bolingbrokes.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Shortly after he went to Bath, where he found many friends, including Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading At once he conceived the idea of following up this triumph with another opera, but, before actually getting to work, he took things easily.

Chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville holds 174 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) contain?

Chapter 9 holds 174 sentences of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 174 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Common questions about reading Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) section by section

How to work through Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.