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Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.
Dublin, April 13th, 1731.
"Your situation is an odd one.
The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.
And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.
/ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns diːn swɪft tuː dʒɑːn ɡeɪ/
Line 2
Dublin, April 13th, 1731.
Line 3
"Your situation is an odd one.
/jɔːr ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən ɪz æn ɑːd wʌn/
Line 4
The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.
/ðə ˈdʌtʃəs ɪz jɔːr ˈtreʒərər ənd ˈmɪstər poʊp telz miː juː ɑːr ðə duːks/
Line 5
And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dublin noun US /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading “Dublin, April 13th, 1731.”

Duke's noun US /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.”

parliaments noun US /ˈpɑːrləmənts/

plural of “parliament” — a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading “And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]”

prescribing verb US /priˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “prescribe” — issue commands or orders for

From this reading “And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]”

squires noun US /ˈskwaɪərz/

plural of “squire” — young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading “And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]”

tenants noun US /ˈtenənts/

plural of “tenant” — someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading “And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]”

treasurer noun US /ˈtreʒərər/

an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading “The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.”

treasurers noun US /ˈtreʒərərz/

plural of “treasurer” — an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading “And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dublin, April 13th, 1731.

1731

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dublin, April 13th, 1731.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

alliancenounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Dublin, April 13th, 1731.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

CORRESPONDENCEnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

courtiersnounUS /ˈkɔːrtiərz/

plural of “courtier” — an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

DEANnounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

DublinnounUS /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading Dublin, April 13th, 1731.

DuchessnounUS /ˈdʌtʃəs/

the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

Duke'snounUS /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

GAYadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

parallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

parliamentsnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənts/

plural of “parliament” — a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

prescribingverbUS /priˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “prescribe” — issue commands or orders for

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

squiresnounUS /ˈskwaɪərz/

plural of “squire” — young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

SWIFTadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

tenantsnounUS /ˈtenənts/

plural of “tenant” — someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CORRESPONDENCE DEAN SWIFT TO JOHN GAY.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

treasurernounUS /ˈtreʒərər/

an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

treasurersnounUS /ˈtreʒərərz/

plural of “treasurer” — an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And I had gone a good way in some verses on that occasion, prescribing lessons to direct your conduct, in a negative way, not to do so and so, etc., like other treasurers; how to deal with servants, tenants, or neighbouring squires, which I take to be courtiers, parliaments, and princes in alliance, and so the parallel goes on, but grew too long to please me."[1]

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Duchess is your treasurer, and Mr. Pope tells me you are the Duke's.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Your situation is an odd one.

Chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) contain?

Chapter 12 holds 118 sentences of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Common questions about reading Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) by Lewis Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) section by section

How to work through Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Life And Letters Of John Gay (1685-1732), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.