Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1
Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 is here in full — 1522 sentences across 305 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/304 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.
THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.
In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.
This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.
It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 is here in full — 1522 sentences across 305 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/304 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.
Line 2
THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.
Line 3
In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.
Line 4
This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.
/ðɪs ɪz nɑːt ðə pleɪs tuː ˈentər ˈɪntuː ə dɪˈskʌʃən ɑːn ðə vekst ˈkwestʃən æz tuː ˈweðər ˈmɪstər pɪt ənd hɪz səkˈsesərz ɪn pərˈsuːɪŋ ðer ˈsɪstəm ʌv riˈpreʃən wɜːr ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd baɪ ðə nəˈsesɪtiz ʌv ðə lɔːŋ frentʃ wɔːr/
Line 5
It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appropriately adverb US /əˈproʊpriɪtli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading “In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.”

controversies noun US /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsiz/

plural of “controversy” — a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading “In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.”

Lafayette noun US /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading “State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.”

Napier noun US /ˈneɪpiər/

Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)

From this reading “State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.”

onwards adverb US /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading “It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.”

reactionary noun US /riˈækʃəneri/

an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism

From this reading “It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.”

repression noun US /riˈpreʃən/

a state of forcible subjugation

From this reading “This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.”

successors noun US /səkˈsesərz/

plural of “successor” — a person who follows next in order

From this reading “This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.”

All words in this reading · 168

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1790

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

1830

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

appropriatelyadverbUS /əˈproʊpriɪtli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

assertverbUS /əˈsɜːrt/

state categorically

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

BroughamnounUS /ˈbruːɡəm/

light carriage; pulled by a single horse

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

CabinetnounUS /ˈkæbənət/

a piece of furniture resembling a cupboard with doors and shelves and drawers; for storage or display

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

CommonsnounUS /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

controversiesnounUS /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsiz/

plural of “controversy” — a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

Croker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

Cyclopaedianoun

a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

EllisnounUS /ˈelɪs/

plural of “elli” — (Norse mythology) goddess of old age who defeated Thor in a wrestling match

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

faireradjectiveUS /ˈferər/

comparative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

FallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

FlowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

Hannah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

HopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

impatientadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

restless or short-tempered under delay or opposition

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

intervalnounUS /ˈɪntərvəl/

a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

JournalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

justifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd/

having words so spaced that lines have straight even margins

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

LafayettenounUS /ˌlɑːfiˈet/

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

Lardner's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

Loudon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

MacaulaynounUS /məˈkɔːli/

English historian noted for his history of England (1800-1859)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

Macaulay's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

meetsnounUS /miːts/

plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

NapiernounUS /ˈneɪpiər/

Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

necessitiesnounUS /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

onwardsadverbUS /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

Palais

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

PittnounUS /pɪt/

a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855)

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

PoliticaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

politiciannounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

reactionarynounUS /riˈækʃəneri/

an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

ReformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

repressionnounUS /riˈpreʃən/

a state of forcible subjugation

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

requiteverb

make repayment for or return something

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

revivedadjectiveUS /rɪˈvaɪvd/

restored to consciousness or life or vigor

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

Rothley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

ScenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

successorsnounUS /səkˈsesərz/

plural of “successor” — a person who follows next in order

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

THROUGHOUTprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

touchesnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

vexedadjectiveUS /vekst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

VisitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

WellingtonnounUS /ˈwelɪŋtən/

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading This is not the place to enter into a discussion on the vexed question as to whether Mr. Pitt and his successors, in pursuing their system of repression, were justified by the necessities of the long French war.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In this volume, which only touches politics in order to show to what extent Macaulay was a politician, and for how long, controversies cannot appropriately be started or revived.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is enough to assert, what few or none will deny, that, for the space of more than a generation from 1790 onwards, our country had, with a short interval, been governed on declared reactionary principles.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading State of public affairs when Macaulay entered Parliament-- His maiden speech--The French Revolution of July 1830-- Macaulay's letters from Paris--The Palais Royal--Lafayette-- Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia--The new Parliament meets-- Fall of the Duke of Wellington--Scene with Croker--The Reform Bill--Political success--House of Commons life-- Macaulay's party spirit--Loudon Society--Mr. Thomas Flower Ellis--Visit to Cambridge--Rothley Temple--Margaret Macaulay's Journal--Lord Brougham--Hopes of Office--Macaulay as a politician--Letters to Hannah Macaulay, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Ellis.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

wrongsnounUS /rɔːŋz/

plural of “wrong” — that which is contrary to the principles of justice or law

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THROUGHOUT the last two centuries of our history there never was a period when a man conscious of power, impatient of public wrongs, and still young enough to love a fight for its own sake, could have entered Parliament with a fairer prospect of leading a life worth living, and doing work that would requite the pains, than at the commencement of the year 1830.

Chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 by George Otto Trevelyan holds 1522 sentences, grouped into 305 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 1522 sentences of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 305 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 by George Otto Trevelyan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1522 sentences, grouped into 305 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1?

Work through the 305 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 305 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1

Common questions about reading Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 by George Otto Trevelyan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1?

Yes. All 6633 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2647 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2647, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--history
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.