Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1859-1860.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1859-1860.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

plural of “affinity” — (immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

how long something has existed

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

plural of “bed” — a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

for the most part

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

plural of “crocodile” — large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and sharp teeth and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

characterized by great determination

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

plural of “fish” — any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

someone whose style is out of fashion

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

of or relating to or based on geology

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

set down according to a plan

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

of or relating to Linnaeus or to the system of taxonomic classification that Linnaeus proposed

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

of or relating to or used in microscopy

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

plural of “monograph” — a detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

the local environment

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

arranged in a sequence of grades or ranks

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Huxley published nine monographs, chiefly on fossil Reptilia, in the proceedings of the Geological Society and of the Geological Survey, one on the armour of crocodiles at the Linnean, and "Observations on the Development of some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes," in the "Journal of Microscopical Science."

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [The programme laid down in 1857 was steadily carried out through a great part of 1859.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Among the former was a paper on Stagonolepis, a creature from the Elgin beds, which had previously been ranked among the fishes.

in the company of; together with

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading From some new remains, which he worked out of the stone with his own hands, Huxley made out that this was a reptile closely allied to the Crocodiles; and from this and the affinities of another fossil, Hyperodapedon, from neighbouring beds, determined the geological age to which the Elgin beds belonged.