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Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1
Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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1865.
[The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).
His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.
And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."
[With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1865.
Line 2
[The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).
Line 3
His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.
Line 4
And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."
Line 5
[With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrarily adverb US /ˈɑːrbɪtrerəli/

in a random manner

From this reading “His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.”

argues verb US /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading “And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."”

dominate verb US /ˈdɑːməneɪt/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.”

dynasty noun US /ˈdaɪnəsti/

a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading “And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."”

emancipation noun US /ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən/

freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child

From this reading “[The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).”

Huxley noun US /ˈhʌksli/

English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)

From this reading “[The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).”

justifies verb US /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “justify” — show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading “And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."”

repealed verb US /rɪˈpiːld/

past form of “repeal” — cancel officially

From this reading “And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1865

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1865.

1874

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

28

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

66

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

accordancenounUS /əˈkɔːrdəns/

concurrence of opinion

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

arbitrarilyadverbUS /ˈɑːrbɪtrerəli/

in a random manner

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

arguesverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

ChapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

CollectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

damagenounUS /ˈdæmədʒ/

the occurrence of a change for the worse

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

dominateverbUS /ˈdɑːməneɪt/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

dynastynounUS /ˈdaɪnəsti/

a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

effectedadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪd/

settled securely and unconditionally

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

EmancipationnounUS /ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən/

freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

EssaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

freed-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

grievousadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːvəs/

causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

HuxleynounUS /ˈhʌksli/

English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

justifiesverbUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “justify” — show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

Nature'snounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

ReadernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

repealedverbUS /rɪˈpiːld/

past form of “repeal” — cancel officially

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

salique

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading [With this may be compared his letter to the "Times" of July 8, 1874 (Chapter 28).

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading His main argument for the emancipation of the negro was that already given in his letter to his sister; namely, that in accordance with the moral law that no human being can arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more than the freed-man.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading [The progress of the American civil war suggested to Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, "Emancipation, Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in America and the emancipation of women in England, which appeared in the "Reader" of May 20 ("Collected Essays" 3 66).

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And just as the negro will never take the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women.] "Nature's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change of dynasty will be effected," [although] "whatever argument justifies a given education for all boys justifies its application to girls as well."

Chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 by Thomas Henry Huxley holds 174 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 20 holds 174 sentences of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 by Thomas Henry Huxley exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 174 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ealing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quiet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.