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Life in London
Life in London

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life in London is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MEETING A SCHOOL-FELLOW.
Six months passed rapidly away.
George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.
George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.
But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life in London

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life in London is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MEETING A SCHOOL-FELLOW.
Line 2
Six months passed rapidly away.
/sɪks mʌnθs pæst ˈræpədli əˈweɪ/
Line 3
George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.
/dʒɔːrdʒ kənˈtɪnjuːd tuː ɡɪv ˌsætəˈsfækʃən tuː ˈmɪstər ˈkɑːmptən suːn lɜːrnt ðə ˈɔːfɪs ruːˈtiːn ənd ɜːrnd ðə ˈwɔːrməst ɪkˈspreʃənz ʌv ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən frʌm ˈmɪstər ˈsændərz huː sed hiː wɑːz ðə best ˈdʒuːnjər klɜːrk hiː ˈevər rɪˈmembərd tuː hæv ˈentərd ðæt ˈɔːfɪs/
Line 4
George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.
/dʒɔːrdʒ hæd ˈkerfəli ˈɡɑːrdəd əˈɡenst ˈfɔːrmɪŋ ˈeni kaɪnd ʌv ˈɪntəməsi wɪð ðə ˈʌðər klɜːrks hiː hæd dɪˈklaɪnd tuː hæv mɔːr tuː seɪ tuː ðem ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɔːfɪs ˈaʊərz ðæn ˈpɑːsəbəl ənd wen ˈbɪznəs wɑːz ˈoʊvər hiː ˈpɜːrpəsli ʃʌnd ðem/
Line 5
But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.
/bʌt ə strɔːŋ ˈfrendʃɪp hæd sprʌŋ ʌp bɪˈtwiːn hɪm ənd tʃɑːrlz ˈhɑːrdi ˈevəri ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðeɪ keɪm tuː ðə ˈsɪti təˈɡeðər ənd rɪˈtɜːrnd ɪn ˈkʌmpəniː ɪn ðə ˈiːvnɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approbation noun US /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

Compton noun US /ˈkɑːmptən/

United States physicist noted for research on x-rays and gamma rays and nuclear energy

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

junior noun US /ˈdʒuːnjər/

term of address for a disrespectful and annoying male

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

purposely adverb US /ˈpɜːrpəsli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading “George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.”

routine noun US /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

Sanders noun US /ˈsændərz/

plural of “sander” — a power tool used for sanding wood; an endless loop of sandpaper is moved at high speed by an electric motor

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

shunned verb US /ʃʌnd/

inflected form of “shun” — avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading “George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.”

warmest adjective US /ˈwɔːrməst/

superlative of “warm” — having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading “George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MEETING A SCHOOL-FELLOW.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

approbationnounUS /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Six months passed rapidly away.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

clerksnounUS /klɜːrks/

plural of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

ComptonnounUS /ˈkɑːmptən/

United States physicist noted for research on x-rays and gamma rays and nuclear energy

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

earnedadjectiveUS /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

guardedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːrdəd/

prudent

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

intimacynounUS /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

juniornounUS /ˈdʒuːnjər/

term of address for a disrespectful and annoying male

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

learntverbUS /lɜːrnt/

inflected form of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

MEETINGnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading MEETING A SCHOOL-FELLOW.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Six months passed rapidly away.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Six months passed rapidly away.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

purposelyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrpəsli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Six months passed rapidly away.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

routinenounUS /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

SandersnounUS /ˈsændərz/

plural of “sander” — a power tool used for sanding wood; an endless loop of sandpaper is moved at high speed by an electric motor

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

SCHOOL-FELLOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MEETING A SCHOOL-FELLOW.

shunnedverbUS /ʃʌnd/

inflected form of “shun” — avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Six months passed rapidly away.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

sprungverbUS /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But a strong friendship had sprung up between him and Charles Hardy; every morning they came to the city together, and returned in company in the evening.

warmestadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrməst/

superlative of “warm” — having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading George continued to give satisfaction to Mr. Compton, soon learnt the office routine, and earned the warmest expressions of approbation from Mr. Sanders, who said he was the best junior clerk he ever remembered to have entered that office.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading George had carefully guarded against forming any kind of intimacy with the other clerks; he had declined to have more to say to them during office hours than possible, and when business was over he purposely shunned them.

Chapter 4 of Life in London by Edwin Hodder holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Life in London contain?

Chapter 4 holds 153 sentences of Life in London, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Life in London by Edwin Hodder exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Life in London?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life in London

Common questions about reading Life in London by Edwin Hodder on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life in London?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life in London is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life in London take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life in London section by section

How to work through Life in London section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Life in London to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life in London

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life in London, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Life in London, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Life in London, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Life in London, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.