Chapter XXIV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “aborigine” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a large-scale farming enterprise

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

in addition

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

3rd largest island in the world; in the western Pacific to the north of Java; largely covered by dense jungle and rain forest; part of the Malay Archipelago

From this reading THE CHINESE IN BORNEO.

call forth

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

English lyric poet (1887-1915)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a sultanate in northwestern Borneo; became independent of Great Britain in 1984

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a person who is in charge

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading THE CHINESE IN BORNEO.

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Asian breed of large fowl with dense plumage and feathered legs

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

plural of “community” — a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

diplomatic building that serves as the residence or workplace of a consul

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

seemingly without interruption

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the act of refusing to comply (as with a request)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an excavation for ore or precious stones or for archaeology

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “dispute” — a disagreement or argument about something important

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

set up or found

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an act that fails

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

bringing death

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

at a previous time

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

coins made of gold

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “husband” — a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

narrow-minded about cherished opinions

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a force that moves something along

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CHINESE IN BORNEO.

a message received and understood

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

someone who asks a question

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

expressing extreme contempt

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

communication between individuals

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the basic unit of money in Papua New Guinea

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

without law or control

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

inflected form of “level” — aim at

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

plural of “malay” — a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the force of workers available

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used to form the superlative

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

to, toward, or in the northwest

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

-ing form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

many times at short intervals

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

a course of conduct

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

add pepper to

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the act of fixing firmly in place

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the quality of prevailing generally; being widespread

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

colorless glass made of almost pure silica

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “reference” — a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

an authoritative rule

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a large or extra supply of something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “reservoir” — a large or extra supply of something

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

cause to regain consciousness

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the largest state in Malaysia; located on the northwest of the island of Borneo

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a small number (of something) dispersed haphazardly

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an educational institution

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

(of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

term of address for a man

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “site” — the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a minor short-term fight

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

pour as if from a sluice

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

a momentary flash of light

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the season of growth

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “stranger” — anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

plural of “strike” — a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

forced submission to control by others

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

possessive form of “sultan” — the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

the profession of a teacher

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “terrace” — usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CHINESE IN BORNEO.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

in or at that place or location

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

a special situation

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

causing difficulty or annoyance

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

offensive or disagreeable; causing discomfort or unhappiness

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

inefficient in use of time and effort and materials

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

in or at the place that

From this reading Around Brunei we continually come across terraces cut on the sides of the hills, where the pepper-plant was grown, particularly on the eminence below the Consulate: and the places where the Chinese had levelled the ground on which to build their houses are often to be met with; one of the most distinct was in my own garden.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first thing that strikes an inquirer into the intercourse which was formerly carried on between China and the northern part of Borneo, is the prevalence of names referring to these strangers.

a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading They are called in Malay, Orang China; by the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Orang Sina; and by the Borneans, Orang Kina, men of China; and north of the capital, we find Kina Benua, the Chinese land, in Labuan; Kina Balu, the Chinese widow, the name of the great mountain; Kina Batañgan, the Chinese river, on the north-east coast; and we have Kina Taki, the name of a stream at the foot of Kina Balu and Kina Bañgun, a name of a small river of the north north eastern coast.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Intercourse between China and the Northern Part of Borneo--References to the Chinese--Names of Places and Rivers--Sites of Gardens and Houses--One of the original Settlers--The Sultan’s Recollections--Chinese numerous in his Youth--Reasons for their Disappearing--Anecdote of a Murut Chief--Aborigines speaking Chinese--Mixed Breed--Good Husbands--Chinese at Batang Parak--At Madihit--Pepper Planters--Origin of the Borneans--Chinese Features observed also among the Aborigines--Careful Agriculture--A remnant of Chinese Teaching--Traditions of a Chinese Kingdom--Effect of Treaty with Brunei--Unsuccessful attempt to revive Pepper Planting--Chinese scattering on the North-west Coast--A Spark of Enlightenment--Attempt to prevent Intercourse between the Chinese and Aborigines--Decay of Junk Trade--Cochin Chinese--Conduct of the Chinese--Papar--Anecdote--Fatal Result of Insulting a Woman--Skirmish--Misrepresented in Labuan--Question of British Protection to the Chinese--Their Insolence--Anecdote--Unpleasant Position--A Check--Difficulty of obtaining Information--Cause of former Disputes--Insurrection of the Chinese of Brunei--Sarawak--Early efforts of the Chinese to establish themselves there--Lawless Malays--A Murder--Retaliation--Defeat of the Chinese--Arrival of Sir James Brooke--Mixed Breed in Sambas--Form Self-governing Communities--Defeat of the Dutch Forces--Subjugation of the Chinese--The Pamangkat Agriculturists--Flight into Sarawak--Change in the appearance of the Country--Mission School--Visit the Interior--Kunsis, or Gold Companies--Appearance of the Country--Method of Gold-working--The Reservoir--The Ditch--The Sluice--Wasteful method of working--Abundance of Gold--Impetus--Failure of first Agricultural Schemes--A great Flood--Troublesome Gold-workers--Successful Scheme--Disturbance in Sambas--Flight of Chinese--Illiberal Regulation--Tour through the Chinese Settlements--Agriculture--Siniawan--Chinese workings--Hot Spring--Gold at Piat in Quartz--Antimony Works--Extensive Reservoirs--Arrival of Chinese from Sambas--Denial by the Kunsi--Hard Work at the Gold Diggings--Scenery--Path to Sambas--Chinese Station--Numbers of the Chinese before the Insurrection.