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Life of Charles Dickens
Life of Charles Dickens

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens is here in full — 8 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life of Charles Dickens
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 8 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 8
Great Writers.
Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.
NOTE.
That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.
My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."
The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;
Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;
his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of Charles Dickens

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens is here in full — 8 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 8 reading units · Lines 1–8

Line 1
Great Writers.
/ɡreɪt ˈraɪtərz/
Line 2
Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.
/prəˈfesər ʌv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈlɪtərətʃər ənd fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ɪn ðə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti ʌv ðə pənˈdʒɑːb lɑːˈhɔːr/
Line 3
NOTE.
/noʊt/
Line 4
That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.
Line 5
My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."
Line 6
The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;
Line 7
Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;
Line 8
his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographer noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading “That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.”

edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.”

Lahore noun US /lɑːˈhɔːr/

city in northeast Pakistan

From this reading “Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.”

lottery noun US /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading “The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;”

perforce adverb US /pərˈfɔːrs/

by necessity; by force of circumstance

From this reading “That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.”

Punjab noun US /pənˈdʒɑːb/

a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan

From this reading “Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.”

similarity noun US /ˌsɪməˈlerəti/

the quality of being similar

From this reading “The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;”

Wellington noun US /ˈwelɪŋtən/

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

From this reading “his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

1812

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

1824

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

AcademynounUS /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

acknowledgeverbUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

biographernounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

blackingnoun

a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

borrowverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

Chatham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

comparativeadjectiveUS /kəmˈperətɪv/

relating to or based on or involving comparison

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

Copperfield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

DickensnounUS /ˈdɪkənz/

a word used in exclamations of confusion

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

Dickensiana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

editedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

Forster's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Great Writers.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

humours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

isolationnounUS /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

a state of separation between persons or groups

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

Kitton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

LahorenounUS /lɑːˈhɔːr/

city in northeast Pakistan

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

lightenedverbUS /ˈlaɪtənd/

past form of “lighten” — make more cheerful

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

lotterynounUS /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

Marshalsea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading NOTE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

over-sensitive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

patheticadjectiveUS /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

perforceadverbUS /pərˈfɔːrs/

by necessity; by force of circumstance

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

PhilosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

PunjabnounUS /pənˈdʒɑːb/

a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

releasedverbUS /riˈliːst/

past form of “release” — release, as from one's grip

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

similaritynounUS /ˌsɪməˈlerəti/

the quality of being similar

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

sister-in-lawnounUS /ˈsɪstərɪnlɔː/

the sister of your spouse

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading The lottery of education; Charles Dickens born February 7, 1812; his pathetic feeling towards his own childhood; happy days at Chatham; family troubles; similarity between little Charles and David Copperfield; John Dickens taken to the Marshalsea; his character;

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Professor of English Literature and Philosophy in the University of the Punjab, Lahore.

WellingtonnounUS /ˈwelɪŋtən/

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

From this reading his mother; he is sent to Wellington House Academy in 1824; character of that place of learning; Dickens masters its humours thoroughly. 11

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading That I should have to acknowledge a fairly heavy debt to Forster's "Life of Charles Dickens," and "The Letters of Charles Dickens," edited by his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, is almost a matter of course; for these are books from which every present and future biographer of Dickens must perforce borrow in a more or less degree.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading My work, too, has been much lightened by Mr. Kitton's excellent "Dickensiana."

WritersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Great Writers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Charles employed in blacking business; over-sensitive in after years about this episode in his career; isolation; is brought back into family and prison circle; family in comparative comfort at the Marshalsea; father released; Charles leaves the blacking business;

Chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens by Frank T. (Frank Thomas), Sir Marzials holds 8 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens contain?

Chapter 1 holds 8 sentences of Life of Charles Dickens, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens by Frank T. (Frank Thomas), Sir Marzials exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 8 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Life of Charles Dickens?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life of Charles Dickens

Common questions about reading Life of Charles Dickens by Frank T. (Frank Thomas), Sir Marzials on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life of Charles Dickens?

Yes. All 3891 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life of Charles Dickens is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16787, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life of Charles Dickens take to read?

About 324 minutes of reading across 779 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life of Charles Dickens section by section

How to work through Life of Charles Dickens section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life of Charles Dickens

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Charles Dickens, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Charles Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Charles Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Charles Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Charles Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.