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Life of J. E. B. Stuart
Life of J. E. B. Stuart

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.
General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.
After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.
On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.
A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of J. E. B. Stuart

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.
Line 2
General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.
Line 3
After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.
/ˈæftər ˈsevrəl ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz wɪð ˈstuːərts ˈkævəlri ðiːz truːps rɪˈtaɪrd kənˈvɪnst ðæt liː wɑːz stɪl ɪn ðə ˈvæli/
Line 4
On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.
Line 5
A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fredericksburg noun US /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading “THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.”

headwaters noun US /ˈhedwɔːtərz/

plural of “headwater” — the source of a river

From this reading “A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.”

Lee's noun US /liːz/

possessive form of “lee” — United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

northwest noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading “A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.”

Potomac noun US /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading “On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.”

Rappahannock noun US /ˌræpəˈhænək/

a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region

From this reading “A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.”

skirmishes noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.”

Stuart's noun US /ˈstuːərts/

possessive form of “stuart” — United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

active service adjective + noun

In this reading “THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.”

brief space adjective + noun

In this reading “THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.”

across the river preposition + article + noun counted as “across … river”

In this reading “General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.”

two days noun + noun

In this reading “THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.”

find out verb + adjective

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

In this reading “General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.”

advance toward verb + particle

In this reading “A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.”

little village adjective + noun

In this reading “A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.”

called out verb + adjective counted as “call out”

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

In this reading “THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

63

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

BlueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

BowernounUS /ˈbaʊər/

a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

CAVALRYnounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

CULPEPER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

FREDERICKSBURGnounUS /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

headwatersnounUS /ˈhedwɔːtərz/

plural of “headwater” — the source of a river

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

Lee'snounUS /liːz/

possessive form of “lee” — United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

McClellan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

northwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

PotomacnounUS /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

RappahannocknounUS /ˌræpəˈhænək/

a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

skirmishesnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

Stuart'snounUS /ˈstuːərts/

possessive form of “stuart” — United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading On October 26, McClellan crossed the Potomac and the weather continuing fine, he advanced his entire army to begin an autumn campaign against Lee.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading A week later, his forces began to advance toward Washington, a little village northwest of Culpeper and near the headwaters of the Rappahannock.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE CAVALRY AT CULPEPER AND FREDERICKSBURG 1862-’63 The brief space of two days was all the time given to the men and horses of Stuart’s command to rest and enjoy life at The Bower, before they were again called out to active service.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading General McClellan had sent two large forces of infantry and cavalry across the river to find out whether General Lee’s army was still in the Valley or whether it had moved east of the Blue Ridge mountains.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After several skirmishes with Stuart’s cavalry, these troops retired, convinced that Lee was still in the Valley.

Chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart by Mary L. (Mary Lynn) Williamson holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart contain?

Chapter 9 holds 106 sentences of Life of J. E. B. Stuart, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart by Mary L. (Mary Lynn) Williamson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Life of J. E. B. Stuart?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life of J. E. B. Stuart

Common questions about reading Life of J. E. B. Stuart by Mary L. (Mary Lynn) Williamson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life of J. E. B. Stuart?

Yes. All 1584 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60857 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life of J. E. B. Stuart is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60857, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life of J. E. B. Stuart take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life of J. E. B. Stuart section by section

How to work through Life of J. E. B. Stuart section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Life of J. E. B. Stuart to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life of J. E. B. Stuart

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of J. E. B. Stuart, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Williamson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of J. E. B. Stuart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of J. E. B. Stuart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jackson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of J. E. B. Stuart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of J. E. B. Stuart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.