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Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765
Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765 is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.
If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.
So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.
As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."
'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].
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Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765 is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.
/ðə mərˈæləti ʌv æn ˈækʃən dɪˈpendz ɑːn ðə ˈmoʊtɪv frʌm wɪtʃ wiː ækt/
Line 2
If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.
Line 3
So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.
/soʊ rɪˈlɪdʒəs ˈeksərsaɪzəz ɪf nɑːt pərˈfɔːrmd wɪð æn ˌɪnˈtentʃən tuː pliːz ɡɑːd əˈveɪl ʌs ˈnʌθɪŋ/
Line 4
As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."
Line 5
'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avail verb US /əˈveɪl/

use to one's advantage

From this reading “So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.”

buys noun US /baɪz/

plural of “buy” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading “If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.”

depends verb US /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading “'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.”

evidences noun US /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading “'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].”

exercises noun US /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading “So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.”

fling verb US /flɪŋ/

throw with force or recklessness

From this reading “If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.”

morality noun US /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading “'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.”

picks noun US /pɪks/

plural of “pick” — the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading “If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1171

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

1172

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

availverbUS /əˈveɪl/

use to one's advantage

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

beggarnounUS /ˈbeɡər/

a pauper who lives by begging

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

buysnounUS /baɪz/

plural of “buy” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

evidencesnounUS /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

exercisesnounUS /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

flingverbUS /flɪŋ/

throw with force or recklessness

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

GODnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

moralitynounUS /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

picksnounUS /pɪks/

plural of “pick” — the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

rewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

Saviournoun

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading 'The Christian religion has very strong evidences[1172].

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So, religious exercises, if not performed with an intention to please GOD, avail us nothing.

Verilyadverb

in truth; certainly

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

victualsnoun

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading 'The morality of an action depends on the motive from which we act.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As our Saviour says of those who perform them from other motives, "Verily they have their reward[1171]."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading If I fling half a crown to a beggar with intention to break his head, and he picks it up and buys victuals with it, the physical effect is good; but, with respect to me, the action is very wrong.

Chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765 by James Boswell holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765 contain?

Chapter 11 holds 419 sentences of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765 by James Boswell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #8918, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Authours
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Universal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Deposited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 1 1709-1765; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.