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Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776
Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776 is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There was a pretty large circle this evening.
Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.
Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.
'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'
Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776 is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There was a pretty large circle this evening.
/ðer wɑːz ə ˈprɪti lɑːrdʒ ˈsɜːrkəl ðɪs ˈiːvnɪŋ/
Line 2
Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.
Line 3
Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.
Line 4
'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'
/ðen sɜːr sed ˈdʒɑːnsən wʌt ɪz ɡeɪnd ɪz ðə mæn hæz hɪz tʃɔɪs ˈweðər hiː wɪl muːv hɪmˈself əˈloʊn ɔːr hɪmˈself ənd ðə məˈʃiːn tuː/
Line 5
Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

handle verb US /ˈhændəl/

be in charge of, act on, or dispose of

From this reading “Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.”

humour noun US /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading “Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.”

Johnson noun US /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading “Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.”

lively adjective US /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading “Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.”

machine noun US /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading “Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.”

merit noun US /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading “Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.”

philosopher noun US /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading “Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.”

subjects noun US /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

299

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

Dominicetti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

Fergusson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

handleverbUS /ˈhændəl/

be in charge of, act on, or dispose of

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

new-invented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

philosophernounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

self-taught

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Dr. Johnson was in very good humour, lively, and ready to talk upon all subjects.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a pretty large circle this evening.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading 'Then, Sir, (said Johnson,) what is gained is, the man has his choice whether he will move himself alone, or himself and the machine too.'

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Mr. Fergusson, the self-taught philosopher, told him of a new-invented machine which went without horses: a man who sat in it turned a handle, which worked a spring that drove it forward.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Dominicetti[299] being mentioned, he would not allow him any merit.

Chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776 by James Boswell holds 394 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 394 sentences of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776 by James Boswell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 394 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #9072, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 2754 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Birkbeck
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Samuel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 2 1765-1776; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.