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Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784
Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is here in full — 385 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.
The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.
The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.
He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.
I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is here in full — 385 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.
/hɪz ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd ənd ˈpeɪʃəns met wɪð səˈvɪr ˈtraɪəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs jɪr/
Line 2
The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.
Line 3
The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.
Line 4
He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.
Line 5
I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acknowledgement noun US /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading “I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'”

amputation noun US /ˌæmpjəˈteɪʃən/

a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs

From this reading “The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.”

circumstantially adverb US /ˌsɜːrkəmˈstænʃəliː/

according to circumstances

From this reading “The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.”

favours noun US /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favour” — a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading “I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'”

fortitude noun US /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading “His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.”

gout noun US /ɡaʊt/

a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints

From this reading “The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.”

inconvenience noun US /ˌɪnkənˈviːnjəns/

an inconvenient discomfort

From this reading “The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.”

palsy noun US /ˈpɔːlzi/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading “The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

30th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

acceptancenounUS /ækˈseptəns/

the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

acknowledgementnounUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

amputationnounUS /ˌæmpjəˈteɪʃən/

a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.

chirurgical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

circumstantiallyadverbUS /ˌsɜːrkəmˈstænʃəliː/

according to circumstances

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

Cruikshank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

favoursnounUS /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favour” — a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

firmnessnounUS /ˈfɜːrmnəs/

the muscle tone of healthy tissue

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

frightenedadjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

goutnounUS /ɡaʊt/

a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

inconveniencenounUS /ˌɪnkənˈviːnjəns/

an inconvenient discomfort

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

LivesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

palsynounUS /ˈpɔːlzi/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

PoetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

Pott

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was attended by Mr. Pott and Mr. Cruikshank.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

sarcocele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

shrinkverbUS /ʃrɪŋk/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

strokenounUS /stroʊk/

(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The complaint was a _sarcocele_, which Johnson bore with uncommon firmness, and was not at all frightened while he looked forward to amputation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The stroke of the palsy has been related circumstantially; but he was also afflicted with the gout, and was besides troubled with a complaint which not only was attended with immediate inconvenience, but threatened him with a chirurgical operation, from which most men would shrink.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading His fortitude and patience met with severe trials during this year.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have before me a letter of the 30th of July this year, to Mr. Cruikshank, in which he says, 'I am going to put myself into your hands;' and another, accompanying a set of his _Lives of the Poets_, in which he says, 'I beg your acceptance of these volumes, as an acknowledgement of the great favours which you have bestowed on, Sir, your most obliged and most humble servant.'

Chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell holds 385 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 385 sentences of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 385 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Common questions about reading Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784?

Yes. All 12331 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10357 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10357, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2467 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Birkbeck
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Altercation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.