Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784
Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'
He died at the age of 56.
Foss's _Judges_, viii.
250.
He suffered greatly from his corpulence.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'
Line 2
He died at the age of 56.
Line 3
Foss's _Judges_, viii.
Line 4
250.
Line 5
He suffered greatly from his corpulence.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

averse adjective US /əˈvɜːrs/

(usually followed by “to”) strongly opposed

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

bench noun US /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

effects noun US /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

indulged verb US /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒd/

past form of “indulge” — give free rein to

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

Judges noun US /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

neglect verb US /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

specially adverb US /ˈspeʃəli/

in a special manner

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

studious adjective US /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading “[295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

250

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 250.

295

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

56

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He died at the age of 56.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading He died at the age of 56.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He died at the age of 56.

averseadjectiveUS /əˈvɜːrs/

(usually followed by “to”) strongly opposed

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

benchnounUS /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

Blackstone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

corpulencenoun

the property of excessive fatness

From this reading He suffered greatly from his corpulence.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading He died at the age of 56.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

EreconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

Foss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

Foss's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Foss's _Judges_, viii.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He suffered greatly from his corpulence.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading He suffered greatly from his corpulence.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

indulgedverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒd/

past form of “indulge” — give free rein to

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

injudiciouslyadverb

in an injudicious manner

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

JudgesnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading Foss's _Judges_, viii.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

speciallyadverbUS /ˈspeʃəli/

in a special manner

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

studiousadjectiveUS /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading He suffered greatly from his corpulence.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

viiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading Foss's _Judges_, viii.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading [295] Mr. Foss says of Blackstone:--'Ere he had been long on the bench he experienced the bad effects of the studious habits in which he had injudiciously indulged in his early life, and of his neglect to take the necessary amount of exercise, to which he was specially averse.'

Chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 contain?

Chapter 18 holds 404 sentences of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Common questions about reading Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 by James Boswell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784?

Yes. All 12331 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10357 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10357, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2467 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 section by section

How to work through Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Birkbeck
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Altercation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Johnson, Volume 4 1780-1784; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.