Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

later than; following

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

plural of “drone” — stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

plural of “elm” — any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

a social unit living together

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

plural of “fault” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

a man of refinement

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

apprehended with certainty

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

engage in

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

not any; not one

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

the act of fixing firmly in place

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

by chance

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

plural of “pump” — a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

express in words

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

plural of “successor” — a person who follows next in order

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading 'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125].

except if; if not

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

which person or people

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading 'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as in every other work of literature.

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading 'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.

a late time of life

From this reading The gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.

but in spite of that

From this reading I am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.