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Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide
Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.
Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.
On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.
Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.
Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.
/θruː ðə ˈkʌntri wiː hæv ðʌs ˈbriːfli dɪˈskraɪbd ˈkɑːrsən ənd hɪz men hæd træpt ˈteɪkɪŋ sʌm smɔːl ɡeɪm ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ tuː rɪˈtɜːrn leɪt ɪn ðə ˈsiːzən wen ðə koʊld ʌv ðɪs haɪ ˈæltətuːd wɪð ðə sʌn loʊ wɑːz bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ˈterəbli səˈvɪr waɪl ðə ɡræs wɑːz ded ənd ðə bɜːrdz ʌv ˈpæsədʒ hæd ɔːl dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/
Line 2
Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.
Line 3
On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.
/ɑːn ˈriːtʃɪŋ ɡuːs kriːk ðeɪ faʊnd ɪt ˈfroʊzən soʊ ðæt ðer wɑːz noʊ ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː ʌv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈiːvɪn ruːts tuː ˈsætəsfaɪ ðer ˈhʌŋɡər/
Line 4
Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.
Line 5
Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

altitude noun US /ˈæltətuːd/

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading “Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.”

Carson's noun US /ˈkɑːrsənz/

possessive form of “carson” — United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

From this reading “Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.”

emigration noun US /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading “Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.”

hardship noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.”

Humboldt noun US /ˈhʌmboʊlt/

German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)

From this reading “Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.”

inured adjective US /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading “Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.”

trapped adjective US /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading “Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.”

unpromising adjective US /ənˈprɔːmɪsɪŋ/

unlikely to bring about favorable results or enjoyment

From this reading “Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

much better adverb + adjective

In this reading “Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.”

On reaching preposition + noun

In this reading “On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.”

Through the country preposition + article + noun counted as “through … country”

In this reading “Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.”

All words in this reading · 134

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

altitudenounUS /ˈæltətuːd/

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

artemisianoun

any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

Capt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

CarsonnounUS /ˈkɑːrsən/

United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

Carson'snounUS /ˈkɑːrsənz/

possessive form of “carson” — United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

cheerlessadjective

causing sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

emigrationnounUS /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

GoosenounUS /ɡuːs/

web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

hardshipnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

HumboldtnounUS /ˈhʌmboʊlt/

German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

intendingverbUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “intend” — have in mind as a purpose

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

inuredadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

McCoy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

prospectsnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

satisfyverbUS /ˈsætəsfaɪ/

meet the requirements or expectations of

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

terriblyadverbUS /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Capt. McCoy had taken with him all not needed by Carson's party, because he could give them food, and it was fortunate for them he had adopted this course.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading On reaching Goose Creek, they found it frozen, so that there was no possibility of finding even roots, to satisfy their hunger.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

trappedadjectiveUS /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

unpromisingadjectiveUS /ənˈprɔːmɪsɪŋ/

unlikely to bring about favorable results or enjoyment

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Though to-day this is the trail of California emigration, with plenty of grass, for a great portion of the way, in its season; now all was desolate, and inured as they were to hardship, Carson's men had never before suffered so much from hunger, nor did their animals fare much better.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Their prospects were cheerless and unpromising, nor were they at all improved after they left the Humboldt; for their route lay through an artemisia desert, varied only by an occasional little valley, where springs of water in the early season had induced the growth of grass.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Through the country we have thus briefly described, Carson and his men had trapped taking some small game, intending to return late in the season when the cold of this high altitude, with the sun low, was becoming terribly severe, while the grass was dead, and the birds of passage had all departed.

Chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide by Charles Burdett holds 140 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide contain?

Chapter 10 holds 140 sentences of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide by Charles Burdett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 140 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide by Charles Burdett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 2067 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41864 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #41864, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 172 minutes of reading across 414 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Romantic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Exploits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trapper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life of Kit Carson, the Great Western Hunter and Guide; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.