used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/
higher than, or over, something
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
alarmsnounUS /əˈlɑːrmz/
plural of “alarm” — fear resulting from the awareness of danger
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/
following the length of something from one end toward the other
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
annoyancenounUS /əˈnɔɪəns/
the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
annoyedadjectiveUS /əˈnɔɪd/
aroused to impatience or anger
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
attackingadjectiveUS /əˈtækɪŋ/
disposed to attack
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
barometernounUS /bərˈɑːmɪtər/
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
the lower side of anything
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
bottomsnounUS /ˈbɑːtəmz/
plural of “bottom” — the lower side of anything
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
bouldersnounUS /ˈboʊldərz/
plural of “boulder” — a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/
plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
unvarying in nature
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
without stop or interruption
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
the time during which someone's life continues
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
elevationnounUS /ˌeləˈveɪʃən/
the event of something being raised upward
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/
past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
enlivenedadjectiveUS /enˈlaɪvənd/
made sprightly or cheerful
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
to or in any or all places
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/
with no protection or shield
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/
preceding all others in time or space or degree
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/
past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a powerful effect or influence
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a fortified military post where troops are stationed
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
fourteennounUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːn/
the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
fragmentsnounUS /ˈfræɡmənts/
plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
FremontnounUS /ˈfriːmɑːnt/
United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and Northwest (1813-1890)
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
a person who keeps watch over something or someone
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/
characterized by enmity or ill will
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
ten 10s
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/
past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
infestedverbUS /ˌɪnˈfestɪd/
past form of “infest” — invade in great numbers
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
insultsnounUS /ˌɪnˈsʌlts/
plural of “insult” — a rude expression intended to offend or hurt
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
undertake a journey or trip
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
LaramienounUS /ˈlerəmi/
a university town in southeast Wyoming
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
the act of departing
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
prefer or wish to do something
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
limestonenounUS /ˈlaɪmstoʊn/
a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
the time period between dawn and noon
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/
a surrounding or nearby region
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
immediately following in time or order
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
and nothing more
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
openlyadverbUS /ˈoʊpənli/
in an open way
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/
a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/
above and across; more than
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
something determined in relation to something that includes it
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
past form of “pass” — go across or through
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
the time that has elapsed
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
PawneesnounUS /ˈpɔːˈniːz/
plural of “pawnee” — a member of the Pawnee nation formerly living in Nebraska and Kansas but now largely in Oklahoma
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
pebblesnounUS /ˈpebəlz/
plural of “pebble” — a small smooth rounded rock
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
plantsnounUS /plænts/
plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
prairienounUS /ˈpreri/
a treeless grassy plain
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
ravinesnounUS /rəˈviːnz/
plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/
plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
necessary for relief or supply
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
uttered with a trill
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
sand-stone
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
plural of “say” — the chance to speak
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
the land along the edge of a body of water
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
siliciousadjective
relating to or containing or resembling silica
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/
plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
the utterance of intelligible speech
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
specimennounUS /ˈspesəmən/
an example regarded as typical of its class
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
stealingnounUS /ˈstiːlɪŋ/
the act of taking something from someone unlawfully
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
not in physical motion
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
strewnverbUS /struːn/
inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
subjectingverbUS /səbˈdʒektɪŋ/
-ing form of “subject” — cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/
plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
thievingnounUS /ˈθiːvɪŋ/
the act of taking something from someone unlawfully
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
an instance or single occasion for some event
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
tonsnounUS /tʌnz/
a large number or amount
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
a track or mark left by something that has passed
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
uplandsnounUS /ˈʌpləndz/
plural of “upland” — elevated (e.g., mountainous) land
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/
a collection containing a variety of sorts of things
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/
all the plant life in a particular region or period
From this reading The barometer indicated fourteen hundred feet above the level of the sea, and the elevation appeared to have its influence on vegetation.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
watchfulnessnoun
the process of paying close and continuous attention
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
at the time that
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading Leaving the river bottom, the road which was the Oregon trail, past Fort Laramie,--ran along the uplands, over a rolling country, upon which were scattered many boulders of red sand-stone, some of them of several tons weight; and many beautiful plants and flowers enlivened the prairie.
whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/
during the time that
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
which person or people
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
marked by extreme lack of restraint or control
From this reading Speaking of the constant watchfulness required when in the neighborhood of hostile or thieving Indians, Fremont says, "The next morning we had a specimen of the false alarms to which all parties in these wild regions are subject.
in the company of; together with
From this reading The country became more broken, rising still and covered everywhere with fragments of silicious limestone, strewn over the earth like pebbles on the sea shore; especially upon the summits and exposed situations; and in these places but few plants grew, while in the creek bottoms, and ravines, a great variety of plants flourished.
not having, not using, or not accompanied by
From this reading For several days they continued their journey, annoyed only by the lack of water, and at length reached the range of the Pawnees who infested that part of the country, stealing horses from companies on their way to the mountains, and when in sufficient force, openly attacking them, and subjecting them to various insults; and it was while encamped here, that a regular guard was mounted for the first time, but the night passed over without annoyance.
