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Life's Little Ironies
A set of tales with
Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Life's Little Ironies
A set of tales with
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.
The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.
There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.
In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.
He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.
Line 2
The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.
Line 3
There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.
Line 4
In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.
Line 5
He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.
/hiː tɜːrnd ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈɔːlweɪz tuː ðə raɪt ɑːn ˈɡetɪŋ tuː ðə end ʌv hɪz striːt ðen hiː went ˈɔːnwərd daʊn bɑːnd striːt tuː hɪz klʌb wens hiː rɪˈtɜːrnd baɪ prɪˈsaɪsli ðə seɪm kɔːrs əˈbaʊt sɪks əˈklɑːk ɑːn fʊt ɔːr ɪf hiː went tuː daɪn ˈleɪtər ɑːn ɪn ə kæb/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comings noun US /ˈkʌmɪŋz/

plural of “coming” — the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading “There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.”

exhortation noun US /ˌeɡzɔːrˈteɪʃən/

a communication intended to urge or persuade the recipients to take some action

From this reading “Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.”

goings noun US /ˈɡoʊɪŋz/

plural of “going” — the act of departing

From this reading “There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.”

householder noun US /ˈhaʊshoʊldər/

someone who owns a home

From this reading “There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.”

inducement noun US /ˌɪnˈduːsmənt/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.”

intuitive adjective US /ˌɪnˈtuːətɪv/

spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency

From this reading “Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.”

upheld verb US /əpˈheld/

inflected form of “uphold” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.”

utilitarian adjective US /juːˌtɪləˈteriən/

having a useful function

From this reading “Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.”

All words in this reading · 130

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

BondnounUS /bɑːnd/

an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

cabnounUS /kæb/

a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

comingsnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋz/

plural of “coming” — the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

crossing-sweeper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

dineverbUS /daɪn/

have supper; eat dinner

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

elevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

excusesnounUS /ɪksˈkjuːsɪz/

plural of “excuse” — a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

exhortationnounUS /ˌeɡzɔːrˈteɪʃən/

a communication intended to urge or persuade the recipients to take some action

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

Frankland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

goingsnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋz/

plural of “going” — the act of departing

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

gratuitousness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

householdernounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊldər/

someone who owns a home

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

illustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

inducementnounUS /ˌɪnˈduːsmənt/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

intuitiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtuːətɪv/

spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

Millborne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

Millborne's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

onwardadverbUS /ˈɔːnwərd/

forward in time or order or degree

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

preciselyadverbUS /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

reparationnounUS /ˌrepərˈeɪʃən/

compensation (given or received) for an insult or injury

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

subtle-souled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The case of Mr. Millborne and Mrs. Frankland particularly illustrated this, and perhaps something more.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

undoneadjectiveUS /ənˈdʌn/

not done

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

upheldverbUS /əpˈheld/

inflected form of “uphold” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

utilitarianadjectiveUS /juːˌtɪləˈteriən/

having a useful function

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading He turned almost always to the right on getting to the end of his street, then he went onward down Bond Street to his club, whence he returned by precisely the same course about six o’clock, on foot; or, if he went to dine, later on in a cab.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There were few figures better known to the local crossing-sweeper than Mr. Millborne’s, in his daily comings and goings along a familiar and quiet London street, where he lived inside the door marked eleven, though not as householder.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In age he was fifty at least, and his habits were as regular as those of a person can be who has no occupation but the study of how to keep himself employed.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Whether the utilitarian or the intuitive theory of the moral sense be upheld, it is beyond question that there are a few subtle-souled persons with whom the absolute gratuitousness of an act of reparation is an inducement to perform it; while exhortation as to its necessity would breed excuses for leaving it undone.

Chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with by Thomas Hardy holds 81 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with contain?

Chapter 4 holds 81 sentences of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 81 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3848 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3047 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3047, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 320 minutes of reading across 770 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with

Words and structures a reader meets early in Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Viewing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Behind
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nut-brown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Life's Little Ironies A set of tales with; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.