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Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters
Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is here in full — 470 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters
Context Illustration Reading 90/94 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.
We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.
We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.
Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.
This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is here in full — 470 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 90/94 · 5 reading units · Lines 446–450

Line 1
We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.
Line 2
We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.
Line 3
We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.
Line 4
Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.
Line 5
This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bequeathed verb US /bəˈkwiːθt/

past form of “bequeath” — leave or give by will after one's death

From this reading “We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.”

fundamental adjective US /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading “We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.”

invader noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdər/

someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.”

legacy noun US /ˈleɡəsi/

(law) a gift of personal property by will

From this reading “We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.”

patriotic adjective US /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/

inspired by love for your country

From this reading “We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.”

posterity noun US /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading “This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.”

transmit verb US /trænzˈmɪt/

transfer to another

From this reading “Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.”

usurpation noun US /ˌjuːsərˈpeɪʃən/

entry to another's property without right or permission

From this reading “Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

acquirementnoun

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

bequeathedverbUS /bəˈkwiːθt/

past form of “bequeath” — leave or give by will after one's death

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

conducing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

faithfullyadverbUS /ˈfeɪθfəli/

in a faithful manner

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

fundamentaladjectiveUS /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

goodlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡʊdli/

large in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

gratitudenounUS /ˈɡrætətuːd/

a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

imperativelyadverb

in an imperative and commanding manner

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

inheritors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

invadernounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdər/

someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

lamentedadjectiveUS /ləˈmentɪd/

mourned or grieved for

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

lapseverbUS /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

legacynounUS /ˈleɡəsi/

(law) a gift of personal property by will

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

mountingnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

noblyadverbUS /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

patrioticadjectiveUS /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/

inspired by love for your country

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

posteritynounUS /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

TheirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them--they are a legacy bequeathed us by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race of ancestors.

transmitverbUS /trænzˈmɪt/

transfer to another

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

undecayed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

unprofaned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

untorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

uprear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

usurpationnounUS /ˌjuːsərˈpeɪʃən/

entry to another's property without right or permission

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We find ourselves under the government of a system of political institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells us.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these, the former unprofaned by the foot of an invader; the latter undecayed by the lapse of time and untorn by usurpation--to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know.

Chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln holds 470 sentences, grouped into 94 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters contain?

Chapter 1 holds 470 sentences of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters, unabridged, divided into 94 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 470 sentences, grouped into 94 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters?

Work through the 94 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 94 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Common questions about reading Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters?

Yes. All 1912 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters take to read?

About 159 minutes of reading across 383 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters section by section

How to work through Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kilham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dodge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Longmans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.