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Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters
Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is here in full — 474 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/94 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.
There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.
In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.
In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.
Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is here in full — 474 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/94 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.
/ˈaʊər ˈnæʃənəl straɪf sprɪŋz nɑːt frʌm ˈaʊər ˈpɜːrmənənt pɑːrt nɑːt frʌm ðə lænd wiː ˌɪnˈhæbət nɑːt frʌm ˈaʊər ˈnæʃənəl ˈhoʊmsted/
Line 2
There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.
/ðer ɪz noʊ ˈpɑːsəbəl ˈsevərɪŋ ʌv ðɪs bʌt wʊd ˈmʌltəplaɪ ənd nɑːt ˈmɪtəɡeɪt ˈiːvəlz əˈmʌŋ ʌs/
Line 3
In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.
/ɪn ɔːl ɪts ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈæptətuːdz ɪt dɪˈmændz ˈjuːnjən ənd əbˈhɔːrz ˌsepərˈeɪʃən/
Line 4
In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.
/ɪn fækt ɪt wʊd er lɔːŋ fɔːrs riˈuːnjən ˌhaʊˈevər mʌtʃ ʌv blʌd ənd ˈtreʒər ðə ˌsepərˈeɪʃən maɪt hæv kɑːst/
Line 5
Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abhors verb US /əbˈhɔːrz/

third-person singular of “abhor” — find repugnant

From this reading “In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.”

adaptations noun US /ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “adaptation” — a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form

From this reading “In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.”

aptitudes noun US /ˈæptətuːdz/

plural of “aptitude” — inherent ability

From this reading “In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.”

mitigate verb US /ˈmɪtəɡeɪt/

lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

From this reading “There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.”

multiply verb US /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading “There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.”

pertains verb US /pərˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “pertain” — be relevant to

From this reading “Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.”

reunion noun US /riˈuːnjən/

a party of former associates who have come together again

From this reading “In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.”

severing noun US /ˈsevərɪŋ/

the act of severing

From this reading “There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abhorsverbUS /əbˈhɔːrz/

third-person singular of “abhor” — find repugnant

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

adaptationsnounUS /ˌædæpˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “adaptation” — a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

aptitudesnounUS /ˈæptətuːdz/

plural of “aptitude” — inherent ability

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

convulsionnounUS /kənˈvʌlʃən/

a sudden uncontrollable attack

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

evilsnounUS /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

foreveradverbUS /fərˈevər/

for a limitless time

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

homesteadnounUS /ˈhoʊmsted/

the home and adjacent grounds occupied by a family

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

hushedadjectiveUS /hʌʃt/

in a softened tone

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

inhabitverbUS /ˌɪnˈhæbət/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

mitigateverbUS /ˈmɪtəɡeɪt/

lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

multiplyverbUS /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

pertainsverbUS /pərˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “pertain” — be relevant to

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

reunionnounUS /riˈuːnjən/

a party of former associates who have come together again

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

separationnounUS /ˌsepərˈeɪʃən/

the state of lacking unity

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

severingnounUS /ˈsevərɪŋ/

the act of severing

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

treasurenounUS /ˈtreʒər/

accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.

From this reading In fact, it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost.

unionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading In all its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national homestead.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Our strife pertains to ourselves--to the passing generations of men; and it can without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading There is no possible severing of this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us.

Chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln holds 474 sentences, grouped into 95 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters contain?

Chapter 4 holds 474 sentences of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters, unabridged, divided into 95 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 474 sentences, grouped into 95 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters?

Work through the 95 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 95 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Common questions about reading Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters by Abraham Lincoln on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters?

Yes. All 1912 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters take to read?

About 159 minutes of reading across 383 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters section by section

How to work through Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kilham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dodge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Longmans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lincoln's Inaugurals, Addresses and Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.