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Literary Friends and Acquaintance
Literary Friends and Acquaintance

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Literary Friends and Acquaintance is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.
Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.
There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.
We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.
The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Literary Friends and Acquaintance

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Literary Friends and Acquaintance is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈmoʊmənt bɪˈfɔːr ðə oʊld əˈmerəkən ˈkʌstəmz hæd bɪn tʃeɪndʒd baɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiːən ˈɪnfluːənsɪz əˈmʌŋ ˈpiːpəl ʌv ˈiːziər ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ənd ɪn ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ səˈsaɪəti kept wʌt wɑːz best ʌv ɪts ˈvɪlədʒ trəˈdɪʃənz ənd tʃoʊz tuː kiːp ðem ɪn ðə fʊl ˈnɑːlədʒ ʌv ˈdɪfərənt θɪŋz/
Line 2
Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.
/ˈnɪrli ˈevəri wʌn hæd bɪn əˈbrɔːd ənd ˈnɪrli ˈevəri wʌn hæd əˈkwaɪərd ðə teɪst fɔːr ˈɑːlɪvz wɪˈθaʊt ˈluːzɪŋ ə ˈrelɪʃ fɔːr ˈneɪtɪv ˈsɔːsəz θruː ðə ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl laɪf ðer wɑːz æn ɪnˈtaɪər dɪˈmɑːkrəsi ənd aɪ duː nɑːt bɪˈliːv ðæt sɪns ðə ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk ˈerə bɪˈɡæn ðer wɑːz ˈevər ə kəˈmjuːnəti ɪn wɪtʃ ˈmʌni ˈkaʊntɪd fɔːr les/
Line 3
There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.
Line 4
We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.
/wiː θɔːt hɪm ekˈstɔːrʃənət ənd wiː ˈmoʊstli wɔːkt θruː snoʊ ənd mʌd ʌv əˈmeɪzɪŋ depθ ənd ˈθɪknəs/
Line 5
The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capitalistic adjective US /ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk/

favoring or practicing capitalism

From this reading “Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.”

elasticity noun US /ˌiːlæˈstɪsəti/

the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

From this reading “The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.”

extortionate adjective US /ekˈstɔːrʃənət/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading “We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.”

mortgaged adjective US /ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒd/

burdened with legal or financial obligations

From this reading “The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.”

olives noun US /ˈɑːlɪvz/

plural of “olive” — small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil

From this reading “Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.”

publisher's noun US /ˈpʌblɪʃərz/

possessive form of “publisher” — a firm in the publishing business

sauces noun US /ˈsɔːsəz/

plural of “sauce” — flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food

From this reading “Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.”

untried adjective US /ənˈtraɪd/

not tried or tested by experience

From this reading “The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.”

All words in this reading · 137

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

acceptableadjectiveUS /ækˈseptəbəl/

worthy of acceptance or satisfactory

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

amazingadjectiveUS /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

capitalisticadjectiveUS /ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk/

favoring or practicing capitalism

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

countedverbUS /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

democracynounUS /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

dollarnounUS /ˈdɑːlər/

the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

elasticitynounUS /ˌiːlæˈstɪsəti/

the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

extortionateadjectiveUS /ekˈstɔːrʃənət/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

influencesnounUS /ˈɪnfluːənsɪz/

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

mortgagedadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒd/

burdened with legal or financial obligations

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

NearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

olivesnounUS /ˈɑːlɪvz/

plural of “olive” — small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

PikenounUS /paɪk/

a broad highway designed for high-speed traffic

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

publisher'snounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃərz/

possessive form of “publisher” — a firm in the publishing business

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

relishnounUS /ˈrelɪʃ/

vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

salarynounUS /ˈsæləri/

something that remunerates

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

saucesnounUS /ˈsɔːsəz/

plural of “sauce” — flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

stablemannoun

someone employed in a stable to take care of the horses

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

thicknessnounUS /ˈθɪknəs/

the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

untriedadjectiveUS /ənˈtraɪd/

not tried or tested by experience

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We thought him extortionate, and we mostly walked through snow and mud of amazing depth and thickness.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was the moment before the old American customs had been changed by European influences among people of easier circumstances; and in Cambridge society kept what was best of its village traditions, and chose to keep them in the full knowledge of different things.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There was little show of what money could buy; I remember but one private carriage (naturally, a publisher’s); and there was not one livery, except a livery in the larger sense kept by the stableman Pike, who made us pay now a quarter and now a half dollar for a seat in his carriages, according as he lost or gathered courage for the charge.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Nearly every one had been abroad; and nearly every one had acquired the taste for olives without losing a relish for native sauces; through the intellectual life there was an entire democracy, and I do not believe that since the capitalistic era began there was ever a community in which money counted for less.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The reader will imagine how acceptable this circumstance was to a young literary man beginning life with a fully mortgaged house and a salary of untried elasticity.

Chapter 5 of Literary Friends and Acquaintance by William Dean Howells holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 5 holds 412 sentences of Literary Friends and Acquaintance, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Literary Friends and Acquaintance by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Chapter 3
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