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Literature and Life (Complete)
Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.
He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.
Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.
For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.
If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.
/pərˈhæps ðə ˈriːdər meɪ nɑːt fiːl ɪn ðiːz ˈpeɪpərz ðæt ˈɪnər ˌsɑːləˈderəti wɪtʃ ðə ˈraɪtər ɪz ˈkɑːnʃəs ʌv ənd ɪt ɪz ɪn ðɪs daʊt ðæt ðə ˈraɪtər ˈwɪʃɪz tuː ˈɔːfər ə wɜːrd ʌv ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/
Line 2
He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.
/hiː oʊnz æz hiː mʌst ðæt ðeɪ hæv ˈevəri əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə ɡruːp ʌv ˈdesəltɔːri ˈsketʃəz ənd eˈseɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈpælpəbəl riˈleɪʃən tuː wʌn əˈnʌðər ɔːr ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl əˈliːdʒəns tuː ˈeni ˈsentrəl ˈmoʊtɪv/
Line 3
Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.
/jet hiː ˈventʃərz tuː hoʊp ðæt ðə ˈriːdər huː meɪks hɪz weɪ θruː ðem wɪl biː əˈwer ɪn ðə ˈretrəspekt ʌv ˈsʌmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs riˈleɪʃən ənd ðɪs əˈliːdʒəns/
Line 4
For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.
/fɔːr maɪ oʊn pɑːrt ɪf aɪ æm tuː aɪˈdentəfaɪ ˌmaɪˈself wɪð ðə ˈraɪtər huː ɪz hiːr ɑːn hɪz dɪˈfens aɪ hæv ˈnevər bɪn ˈeɪbəl tuː siː mʌtʃ ˈdɪfərəns bɪˈtwiːn wʌt siːmd tuː miː ˈlɪtərətʃər ənd wʌt siːmd tuː miː laɪf/
Line 5
If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.
/ɪf aɪ dɪd nɑːt faɪnd laɪf ɪn wʌt prəˈfest tuː biː ˈlɪtərətʃər aɪ dɪˈseɪbəld ɪts prəˈfeʃən ənd ˈpɑːsəbli frʌm ðɪs ˈhæbət naʊ ˌɪnˈvetərət wɪð miː aɪ æm ˈnevər kwaɪt ʃʊr ʌv laɪf ənˈles aɪ faɪnd ˈlɪtərətʃər ɪn ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

desultory adjective US /ˈdesəltɔːri/

marked by lack of definite plan or regularity or purpose; jumping from one thing to another

From this reading “He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.”

disabled noun US /dɪˈseɪbəld/

people collectively who are crippled or otherwise physically handicapped

From this reading “If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.”

identify verb US /aɪˈdentəfaɪ/

recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

From this reading “For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.”

inveterate adjective US /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading “If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.”

palpable adjective US /ˈpælpəbəl/

capable of being perceived; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt

From this reading “He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.”

retrospect noun US /ˈretrəspekt/

contemplation of things past

From this reading “Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.”

solidarity noun US /ˌsɑːləˈderəti/

a union of interests or purposes or sympathies among members of a group

From this reading “Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.”

ventures noun US /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading “Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

allegiancenounUS /əˈliːdʒəns/

the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

centraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

desultoryadjectiveUS /ˈdesəltɔːri/

marked by lack of definite plan or regularity or purpose; jumping from one thing to another

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

disablednounUS /dɪˈseɪbəld/

people collectively who are crippled or otherwise physically handicapped

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

essaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

identifyverbUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪ/

recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

inveterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

ownsverbUS /oʊnz/

third-person singular of “own” — have ownership or possession of

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

palpableadjectiveUS /ˈpælpəbəl/

capable of being perceived; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

professedadjectiveUS /prəˈfest/

professing to be qualified

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

retrospectnounUS /ˈretrəspekt/

contemplation of things past

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

solidaritynounUS /ˌsɑːləˈderəti/

a union of interests or purposes or sympathies among members of a group

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

superficialadjectiveUS /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl/

concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading If I did not find life in what professed to be literature, I disabled its profession, and possibly from this habit, now inveterate with me, I am never quite sure of life unless I find literature in it.

venturesnounUS /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For my own part, if I am to identify myself with the writer who is here on his defence, I have never been able to see much difference between what seemed to me Literature and what seemed to me Life.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He owns, as he must, that they have every appearance of a group of desultory sketches and essays, without palpable relation to one another, or superficial allegiance to any central motive.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Perhaps the reader may not feel in these papers that inner solidarity which the writer is conscious of; and it is in this doubt that the writer wishes to offer a word of explanation.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet he ventures to hope that the reader who makes his way through them will be aware, in the retrospect, of something like this relation and this allegiance.

Chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells holds 141 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 141 sentences of Literature and Life (Complete), unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 141 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete)

Common questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Yes. All 5547 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3389 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Literature and Life (Complete) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3389, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Literature and Life (Complete) take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Literature and Life (Complete) section by section

How to work through Literature and Life (Complete) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Literature and Life (Complete)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Literature and Life (Complete), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.