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Literature and Life (Complete)
Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.
We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.
From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.
It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.
This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Literature and Life (Complete)

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.
/ɪn ˈaʊər ˈpɑːrtli ˈmɪθəkəl ˈestəmət ʌv ðə ˈneɪtɪv ənd hɪz riˈleɪʃən tuː ʌs hiː ɪz ˌɪˈmædʒənd æz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə kaɪnd ʌv ˈkɑːrnəvəl wen wiː liːv hɪm æt ðə end ʌv ðə ˈsiːzən ənd ɪt ɪz bɪˈliːvd ðæt hiː laɪks ʌs tuː ɡoʊ ˈɜːrli/
Line 2
We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.
/wiː hæv hæd hɪz ɡʊd ˈɔːfəsəz æt ə fer praɪs ɔːl ˈsʌmər bʌt æz ɪt drɔːz tuː ə kloʊs ðeɪ ɑːr ˈrendərd mɔːr ənd mɔːr ˈfɪtfəli/
Line 3
From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.
Line 4
It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.
/ɪt ɪz ˈsɜːrtən ðæt ðeɪ ɡet ˈtaɪərd ənd aɪ kʊd nɑːt bleɪm ðem ɪf ðeɪ wɜːr ɡlæd tuː biː rɪd ʌv ðer ɡests ənd tuː ɡoʊ bæk tuː ðer oʊn ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf/
Line 5
This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carnival noun US /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading “In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.”

excellently adverb US /ˈeksələntli/

extremely well

From this reading “This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.”

festivals noun US /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading “This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.”

fitfully adverb US /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading “We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.”

includes verb US /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading “This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.”

mythical adjective US /ˈmɪθəkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading “In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.”

plentiful adjective US /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading “This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.”

sojourners noun US /ˈsoʊdʒərnərz/

plural of “sojourner” — a temporary resident

From this reading “From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

carnivalnounUS /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

dancingnounUS /ˈdænsɪŋ/

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

diversadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪvərz/

many and different

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

drawsnounUS /drɔːz/

plural of “draw” — a gully that is shallower than a ravine

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

excellentlyadverbUS /ˈeksələntli/

extremely well

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

farandolenoun

a lively dance from Provence; all the dancers join hands and execute various figures

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

farthestadverbUS /ˈfɑːrðəst/

to the greatest distance in space or time (“farthest” is used more often than “furthest” in this physical sense)

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

festivalsnounUS /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

fitfullyadverbUS /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

flatteredverbUS /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

includesverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

lecturesnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

likesnounUS /laɪks/

plural of “like” — a similar kind

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

linkedadjectiveUS /lɪŋkt/

connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

mythicaladjectiveUS /ˈmɪθəkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

picturedadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərd/

seen in the mind as a mental image

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

pricenounUS /praɪs/

the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

reading-clubs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

reportsnounUS /rɪˈpɔːrts/

plural of “report” — a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

ridverbUS /rɪd/

relieve from

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

sleigh-rides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

sojournersnounUS /ˈsoʊdʒərnərz/

plural of “sojourner” — a temporary resident

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

theatricals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We have had his good offices at a fair price all summer, but as it draws to a close they are rendered more and more fitfully.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading This includes church festivals of divers kinds, lectures and shows, sleigh-rides, theatricals, and reading-clubs, and a plentiful use of books from the excellently chosen free village library.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is certain that they get tired, and I could not blame them if they were glad to be rid of their guests, and to go back to their own social life.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In our partly mythical estimate of the native and his relation to us, he is imagined as holding a kind of carnival when we leave him at the end of the season, and it is believed that he likes us to go early.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading From some, perhaps flattered, reports of the happiness of the natives at the departure of the sojourners, I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole, and stretching with linked hands from the farthest summer cottage up the river to the last on the wooded point.

Chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 137 sentences of Literature and Life (Complete), unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete)

Common questions about reading Literature and Life (Complete) by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Literature and Life (Complete)?

Yes. All 5547 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3389 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Literature and Life (Complete) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3389, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Literature and Life (Complete) take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Literature and Life (Complete) section by section

How to work through Literature and Life (Complete) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Literature and Life (Complete)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Literature and Life (Complete), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Literature and Life (Complete); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.